摘要:

Based on observation of the clay-catalyzed conversion of the fermentation products of glucose to hydrocarbons and the related evidence from the literature, glucose is recognized as the primary precursor of petroleum. A multiple pathway of petroleum formation is presented. In aerobic growth of living cells, fatty acids and related products are generated from glucose which are buried and incorporated into kerogen during diagenesis, and finally converted to petroleum through catagenesis. By anaerobic fermentation, glucose may be converted into simple oxygenates which can be transformed into components of petroleum upon catalysis by clay. In-depth analysis of the chemistry involved suggested that a sequence of four basic chemical reactions, oxygen shift, decarboxylation, dehydration, and polymerization, is sufficient to effect the transition from glucose to hydrocarbons. Synthesis of petroleum hydrocarbons by existing industrial processes, namely fermentation and catalysis, appears to be feasible. Petroleum can therefore be considered as a renewable resource.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318608946058

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The dynamics of a stabilized bottomhole assembly plays an important role in the behavior of the assembly. In this paper the equation for critical speed of a rotating shaft is applied on the drillcollar sections between two stabilizers. Effects such as buoyancy and axial load are included in the model. The proposed model is applied on a typical stabilized bottomhole assembly and the results are shown in a diagram where the combinations of weight on bit, well depth, and rotary speed giving transversal resonance can readily be identified. For deeper wells the drillcollars will get into a state of transversal buckling. This is also shown in a diagram. By avoiding these critical parameters, transversal resonance in the bottomhole assembly can be avoided, resulting in minimal strain on the wellbore and on the equipment. Also, better directional stability can be obtained.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318608946059

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Geologging, which is usually referred to in the oil industry as mud logging, is a continuous monitoring system of various parameters during drilling of exploratory-assessment wells aimed for geological, gas logging, drilling, and overpressure studies. Inasmuch as it is a formation evaluation tool, monitoring of the various parameters must be carried out by geologists, who keep round-the-clock watch and plot data on various log sheets.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318608946060

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Investigations have been carried out on the effects of temperature, particle size, steam/coal ratio, and coal quality on the gasification of coal samples procured from two different mines in the Singrauli coal fields, India. A stainless steel reactor of 10 cm diameter and 100 cm length was used. Steam superheated to approximately 200°C was used as the reactant and fluidizing medium. The energy of activation was 5.17 and 2.25 kcal/mol for coals A and B, respectively. The CO/CO2ratio chosen as the index of gasification was found to decrease with an increase in steam/coal ratio. The ratio CO/CO2was independent of particle size and increased with an increase in temperature. The CO/CO2ratio was higher for coal A, having 36.7% ash.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318608946061

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The permeability of 16 carbonate reservoir rocks was determined from thin sections, using both Teodorovich's and Lucia's techniques. There appears to be a great need for further research work in this area because of the large discrepancy between the results.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318608946062

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The presence of organic material in potential source rocks significantly affects geophysical wireline responses. Inasmuch as the latter provide a continuous, complete, and readily available subsurface formation data record versus depth, many investigators have studied the possibility that organic carbon content and the source rock potential of subsurface strata can be identified from wireline logs. The present discussion reviews such log anomalies as observed by means of resistivity, acoustic, nuclear, natural gamma-ray spectral, and pulsed neutron measurements. The application of these well logs in open and/or cased wellbores as an indicator of the amount of organic matter contained in sediments is discussed and illustrated based on empirical correlations established with individual and/or combinations of several logging parameters. Fieldcase examples from several geographical areas are presented.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318608946063

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318608946064

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318608946065

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor