摘要:

One of the promising types of renewable energy resource that has potential applications in the Arab World is proposed and described in this article. Known as ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), its feasibility is investigated for the Red Sea and the Arabian GulflGulf of Oman. Data on thermal gradients are surveyed, collected, and reported. Promising parameters have been identified for some specific locations along these coastal waters. The proposed system can serve the dual purpose of providing electric power and desalinated water, which is needed by the Arab World. Construction strategies for the OTEC systems are introduced. Building plant-ship for utilizing the generated power in the production of hydrogen is recommended. Thus energy could be transported as LH2(liquid hydrogen), MeOH (methanol), or NH3(ammonia) for end-use consumption or export.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960213

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Effectiveness of solvents on the liquefaction of 11 different Turkish lignites was investigated by using tetralin, creosote, and anthracene oils. The highest total conversions were obtained with tetralin. The catalytic effects of CoMo and red mud were compared by using creosote oil as the solvent. It was found that red mud catalyzed mainly the asphaltene formation reaction for the given experimental conditions. The additional of CoMo significantly catalyzed the liquefaction reaction, thus increasing the lignite conversion and oil formation.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960214

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The state of Hawaii is 90% dependent upon imported petroleum today but has embarked on a transition program to shift to indigenous renewable energy resources. Hawaii, like most tropical islands, has no fossil fuels (oil, gas, or coal) but has abundant renewable energy resources in fast growing biomass

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960215

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article presents an overview of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology in the United States and Canada, ft presents current state-of-the-art of EOR technology, statistics on oil production, number of EOR projects for the past ten years, distribution of EOR production, and EOR projects by various processes. R&D trends and outlook for the near-term future are also discussed.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960216

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The thermogravimetric behavior of four cereal straws (wheat, barley, oats, and rye) at three heating rates (10, 20, and 50°Clmin) in air was examined. The thermal degradation rate, the initial degradation temperature, the active and passive pyrolysis zones, and the residual weight at 600°C were determined. Increasing the heating rate increased the thermal degradation rate and decreased both the initial degradation temperature and the residual weight at 600°C. The higher the cellulosic content of the straw, the higher the thermal degradation rate and the initial degradation temperature. Also, higher ash content in the straw resulted in higher residual weight at 600°C.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960217

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Brazilian alcohol program, Proálcool, was developed as a strategic answer to the high dependence on imported oil and sharp increases in oil prices that adversely affected the Brazilian balance of payments. The program is intended to replace part of the gasoline consumption with ethanol. The availability of resources, including fertile land and unskilled labor, made possible its implementation. As a result of these measures, there were important changes in the Brazilian energy matrix. The most important were the substitution between gasoline and fuel alcohol and also between fuel oil and electricity. Other benefits with Proálcool include environmental gains, employment creation, increase in rural area income, and technological improvements in the sugarcane sector. These have allowed an ethanol cost reduction from US$70/bbl at the beginning the program (1976) to US$45/bbl in 1989. This means a cost reduction of about 4% per year during the 1980s, which must continue in the same way during the next decade.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960218

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

With case studies, the practices, problems, and prospects of handling waxy crude oils in Nigeria are discussed. Using a rotational viscometer, the temperature dependence of Theological properties and thixotropy of these crudes were determined. Suggestions are given on how to improve handling practices. These suggestions include adequate screening and ranking of wax inhibitors, taking into account pour-point depression, viscosity, and yield value. Rheological studies would help in pipeline design and handling methods. A thorough knowledge of the nature of the crude oil at the time of discovery would help in the design of well completion and production facilities to optimize production.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960219

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two causes of poor recoverability are migration of stored gas far from the injection well and upward coning of water into withdrawal wells. The authors conducted laboratory and numerical simulation investigation of the use of aqueous foams to block the flow of gas or liquid to ameliorate these problems. Experiments in sandstone cores showed that foam reduces the permeability to gas and liquid by approximately three orders of magnitude. A numerical simulation study showed that water coning could be significantly delayed by placing a horizontal foam lens just above the gas-water interface. Also discussed are the conditions for forming foam in situ, the feasibility of emplacing a foam bank, and the durability of permeability reduction. Laboratory experiments and numerical simulation indicate potential for significantly improving the efficiency of aquifer gas storage with aqueous foams. A field trial of foam to prevent water coning is recommended.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960220

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The sectoral energy (and fossil fuel) use in the Asia-Pacific region is likely to be at a higher level than generally expected (if modernization and commercialization of energy supplies continue). Thus, the need of evaluating some alternative energy strategies is urgent. Unless some technoeconomic consensus is reached at an early stage, the energy/environment interface might entail some value conflicts that could hamper energy security and the socioeconomic development process itself. The current high economic growth rate of the region may thus be slowed down

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960221

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960223

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor