摘要:

An analysis was conducted of designs for industry-scale ethanol production facilities that use both hexoses and pentoses to produce 97 to 107 tonnes of anhydrous ethanol per day from 960 tonnes of Pinus radiata wood of % moisture content (480 oven-dried tonnes). Various process options and available technologies were considered for cost comparisons. The base case plant design was used to assess the probable importance of not fermenting the wood pentose fraction. When pentose sugars were not fermented, the ethanol price increased from $0·71IL to $0·75IL. The influence of various economic factors on selling price was assessed. These factors included price sensitivity to (1) feed stock cost, (2) improved ethanol yields, (3) changes in major equipment costs, and (4) selected financial parameters. The sensitivity analysis indicated that feed stock costs and product yields were significant factors. It is concluded that currently available technology can be used to produce anhydrous ethanol at a competitive price.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318908908950

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Fermentation of starch hydrolysates {wet-milling corn process} exhibited a lower conversion efficiency in the presence of yeast fermentation backset compared to fourfold concentrated Zymomonas mobtiis fermentation backset. In dry milling, Z. mobilis fermentation backset stimulated ethanol production in the case of liquefied corn feed stocks but retarded fermentation with liquefied milo feedstocks. By using an inoculum cascade method, this retardation was found to be due to nutrient deficiencies in the milo flour. After adjustment of this deficiency, Z. mobilis fermentation in the presence of backset was equal to or better than that obtained in the absence of backset.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318908908951

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The densification process is broadly categorized into two different types: hot and high-pressure densification and cold and low-pressure densification. Under these two broad classes different aspects of densification, such as machinery for densification, mechanism of densification, factors affecting densification, raw material preparation, binders, and the like, have been discussed and the available literature reviewed. The paper provides a review of densification of selected residues.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318908908952

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The thermal storage is a key component of any successful solar thermal system. A good thermal storage should allow minimum thermal energy losses while permitting the highest possible extraction efficiency of the stored thermal energy. Despite the many available examples of successful designs of solar thermal storage tanks, the static behavior of the solar thermal storage is not fully understood. Among the many factors influencing such behavior are heat losses, tank geometry, dead zones, and tank wall material. In this study laboratory-scale models with different geometries were built for the purpose of examining thermal behavior during the period after charging. During this period, called the thermal diffusion period, the extraction efficiency was temporarily decreased until natural stratification was achieved. After the thermal diffusion period, the extraction efficiency decreased primarily as a result of thermal losses to the environment and thermal degradation caused by the storage tank walls. Increasing the ratio of length to diameter up to 3 or 4 significantly increases the extraction efficiency. Storages with length-to-diameter ratios larger than 4 are not desirable because the added cost does not result in improvement of the thermal extraction efficiency.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318908908953

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A method of biomass residue estimation taking the case of Thailand as an example is illustrated. The values of different crop-to-residue ratios were compiled from a literature survey and in some cases found experimentally. Zonal and regional availabilities of the residues in Thailand are presented. The current mode of utilization or disposal of the residues is also discussed.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318908908954

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318908945383

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor