摘要:

In less than a decade, wind generated electricity has developed into a significant, cost-effective, environmentally desirable, and reliable energy technology. Qualitative and quantitative studies conducted by the authors suggest that perceptions, as well as attitudes and behaviors, of salient publics contrast substantially with the reality of today's windpower facts. This article (I) presents current information regarding windpower technology, (2) summarizes the authors' research on public acceptability of windpower technology, and (3) offers recommendations to address certain issues identified as impeding the acceptance and usage of wind generated electricity.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319208908704

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Three windmills with linkage-guided blades that were previously described by the authors are further studied to predict their performance. The present investigation concentrates on the guiding mechanisms of the active power producing surfaces (or blades) and on the output torque. Also investigated here is the effect of the orientation of these blades with respect to their guiding links. The fluctuation in the output torque of one-blade windmills has led to the investigation of the output torque that can be obtained from three-bladed machines. These latter windmills are found to reduce the fluctuation in the output torque considerably. Areas for further improvement are discussed.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319208908705

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The strategy of restricting natural gas to noble uses (directive of EEC and endorsed by the IEA) impeded gas expansion despite substantial upward revisions in the assessment of available resources. However, increasing environmental concern slowly but gradually undermines this strategy because natural gas serves as a substitute for costly abatement. This article discusses the prospect of future natural gas consumption considering economic and ecological facts as well as strategic and political considerations. In fact, we argue that inconsistent political interventions first seriously lowered gas penetration but now favor its use.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319208908706

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

It is attempted to estimate potential installed thermal power of direct uses of geothermal energy in Japan by computing extractable heat from only existing thermal springs distributed all over the country, under the presumption that no geothermal well is newly drilled. Since the Japanese enjoy the pleasures of natural baths, direct uses of geothermal energy in Japan are required to coexist with bathing. Then, potential installed thermal power is estimated at 2,797.46 MW under some conditions for coexistence and coprosperity with bathing. However, some disqualifying factors and the average load factor may reduce this value by 530 MW, which will be yet about five times larger than the present thermal energy used of 104.69 MW. The oil saved will be up to 0.35% of national consumption.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319208908707

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Hydropower generation and flood control are often presented as a classical case of conflicting objectives in water resources planning. Even though this is a well-known and accepted fact, very little has been done in the direction of quantification of these trade-offs in practical terms mainly considering multireservoir systems and different hydrologic scenarios. This article applies the Constraint Method to evaluate those trade-offs, taking as a case study the CESP (Sao Paulo Power Utility) multireservoir system of the Paranapanema River basin, located in southeast Brazil. This multiobjective analysis reveals what and how intense the trade-offs are between the conflicting objectives and serves as a guideline for CESP operational policy.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319208908708

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

On the example of oils in the Apsheron oil- and gas-bearing region and Apsheron archipelago located in the western part of the Southern Caspian depression, the authors have developed mathematical models of a group hydrocarbon composition; interconnections between oil density and content of asphalt-resin materials, benzine, and ligroin; interconnections between oil density and viscosity and temperature; and interconnections between content of asphalt-resin properties and low-temperature fractions. The models obtained enabled us to extrapolate factual data on composition and properties of oils beyond the limits of fixed depths of burial of oil-saturated reservoirs both to a zone of great depths and increased temperatures where hydrocarbons were in a gaseous or oil and gaseous state, and to a zone of near-surface conditions where oils acquire the consistency of asphalts.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319208908709

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A photovoltaic (PV) powered water pumping system with water storage facility is being investigated with respect to some technical, meteorological, and operational conditions. The impacts of the pump efficiency, the electrical efficiency of the driving system, solar intensity, ambient air temperature, minimum and maximum water storage, and load variation on the PV generator size were studied. The study used a computer program based on the optimal sizing method investigated by the author. The system under consideration is intended to be used initially at Giza, Egypt (30 deg. longitude, 30 deg. latitude). The results showed that changing the pump efficiency from 20° to 35° will reduce the generator size from 15 to 8.6 kW peak, while changing the electrical efficiency of the pump drive system from 55° to 90° will change the generator peak power from 15.5 to 10 kW. Changing the minimum storage capacity from 250 m3to 2,500 m3will reduce the generator size from 10.84 to 10 kW, while changing the maximum storage capacity from 250 to 2,500 m3will increase the generator size from 10 to 10.84 kW peak. Changing the location from north Egypt to south will lead to generator size deviation of about 23 ° due to change in ambient air temperature and solar intensity. Finally, the study showed that for load variation from 0 to ±75° from the mean yearly load the increase in generator size will reach 30° with the minimum value at ±27.5° load variation.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319208908710

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The conversion and yield data obtained for hydroliquefaction of 11 different Turkish lignites in tetralin, anthracene, and creosote oils with or without catalyst at 440°C and 80 bar were correlated with the lignite properties obtained from proximate, ultimate, and petrographic analyses. The intercorrelation of experimental results and analytical data was evaluated by both simple linear regression and stepwise multiple linear regression analyses. Simple linear correlations between conversion and yield data with individual lignite parameters are unsatisfactory. An approach utilizing a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis led to a number of linear equations relating oil yields to ash, sulfur, volatile matter, elemental carbon, maceral, and xylene extract contents of the lignites.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319208908711

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry has been used to characterize Athabasca oil sand (AOS) and various coked residues prepared therefrom for mineral phase and size distribution. The composite mineral particles were classified into ten particle size ranges. Increasing coking time caused an increase in the percentage of small particles of quartz and clay The AOS is relatively rich in sulfur and iron; 6.17% and 0.173%, respectively. The micrographs of AOS show that the majority of the sand grains are not in direct contact with each other and that the bitumen forms a thin layer between the grains. For the coked residues, the sand grains were connected to one another by their coke bridges.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319208908712

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319208908713

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor