摘要:

The financial aspects of wind power generation in India are examined. The cost estimate scaling function for horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT) is empirically obtained. Other cost components have also been examined and effort is made to generate a cost function for wind farms with grid connected HAWT wind energy conversion systems. The cost function is then used to compute the cost of wind generated electricity from the wind farms in India and the results are compared with the reported cost of generation from the wind farms. The potential of wind-farm power generation is briefly discussed in the light of the cost of power generation by selected conventional technologies in India.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960179

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Wind and wave energy devices produce their output in the form of shaft work, with a power output which varies over a wide range as the input energy intensity changes. For many processes (desalination, thermochemical processes, steam raising, space heating) energy is required in the form of heat. The conversion of shaft work directly to heat is thermodynamically very inefficient. This efficiency may be greatly improved by using the shaft work to drive a heat pump which abstracts thermal energy from the environment (the sea or airstream) and upgrades it to the requisite temperature level. In this regard, wind and wave energy are ideal sources, since the thermal energy contained in the airstream or sea exceeds by several orders of magnitude the mechanical energy that can be abstracted. Heat pumps have hitherto been designed to utilize a constant work input and a source of heat at variable temperature. But in order to harness renewable energy effectively, a heat pump is required that will utilize variable shaft work to upgrade heat from a source at near-constant temperature.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960180

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Batch type anaerobic decomposition process in leucaena leucocephala plant material (leaves) was carried out under mesophilic condition (below 35°C). The results of studies involving variations in pH, conductivity, temperature, and optical density of digester slurry for four weeks are reported. The gas production rate was also studied which reveals that the use of leucaena leucocephala for biogas production will be helpful.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960181

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Energy-dispersive x-ray detection of elements from scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) was used to determine amounts of elements in coal macerals. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine minerals in the low temperature ashes of the coals. SEM-EDX elemental assemblages in grains and the body of the coal were assigned to mineral categories using XRD results. Macerals were determined petro-graphically. Most nonorganic elements were found in minerals. Organically associated elements such as Cl, Cs, Cr, P, organic sulfur (So), Sc, and V were consistently found in the coal matrix. Inorganically associated elements such as Al, Ca, Mg, and Si were also commonly found in the matrix. Vitrinitelhuminite (V/H) maceral matrix had higher levels of sulfur than the inertinite and liptinite maceral matrix. Low temperature ashing of the pellet surface accentuated the higher levels of Si and Al intimately mixed with the V/H matrix compared to inertinites (I) or liptinites (L). Fusinites (I) often had no nonorganic cations associated with the matrix. Most elements and minerals were found in discrete grains or associated with inertinite macerals. Low temperature ashing revealed that most minerals were concentrated along cracks and around pores. Ashing also resulted in complete oxidation of many fusinites (I), inability to find liptinites (L), major increases of gypsum in V/H and I, losses ofCaP (Apatite) in I combined with increases in complex phosphates, losses of quartz from 1, and losses of potassium silicates (Mite) and Ca (calcite) from V/H.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960182

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This report briefly presents the main idea and fundamental concepts and summarizes the practices on utilizing the potential energy due to natural temperature differences between summer and winter and between atmosphere and underground space in China.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960183

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A modified model is developed to determine initial gas in place and to predict the performance of any gas reservoir by using material balance approach and linear programming technique. Compaction of the aquifer rock, connate water expansion and/or expansion of water in the aquifer, shale water influx, and water enroachment from finite bounded reservoirs are included in the developed mathematical model. Each of these mechanisms are examined and their effects on the results of initial gas reserves and reservoir behavior are presented.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960184

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The principal objective of this investigation was to study and analyze the screening guides that can be used to select the applicable enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method under Saudi oilfield conditions. Based on the analysis of data obtained from 186 Saudi formations, the crude oils are produced from low to intermediate permeability formations in the range of 1-1500 millidarcies. The original reservoirs' pressure and temperature range from 2000 to 5500 psi and from 140 to 240°F, respectively. The porosity of the formations varies form 10 to 30% and the formations thickness ranges from 10 to 300 feet. The reservoirs of Saudi Arabia are characterized by high formation water salinity, which can be as high as 30% by weight. Saudi oil formations are characterized by connate water in the range of 10-50%. Thus residual oil saturation is expected to be high. The viscosity of most Saudi crude oils ranges from 0.10 to 10 centipoise. The API gravity ranges from 15 to 45

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960185

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article shows the monthly distributions of solar global radiation over Romania. The results have been obtained using the model proposed by Barbaro et al. (1979) and previously tested by the author under the climatic features of Romania. Meteorological data from 29 localities have been used in computations. The results show Romania has a solar potential higher than that of the world maps of solar radiation (see H.E. Landsberg et al. 1965): It was pointed out thai local radiation peculiarities, expressed as strong deviations from the law of latitudinal variation, are mainly determined by the atmospheric circulation features. Indirectly, these peculiarities are determined by the Carpathians and by the Black and Mediterranean Seas.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960186

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960187

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319008960188

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor