摘要:

The major forms of energy available in amounts of 30% or greater of the total power developed in a controlled thermonuclear reactor (CTR) operating on a Deuterium-tritium fuel cycle are (1) high-temperature thermal energy, (2) electric energy—high and low voltage, and (3) neutron and gamma high-energy radiation. The thermal and electric forms of CTR energy can be applied to supply a significant fraction of the needs of a conventional heavy chemical and material processing industry. The minor forms of CTR energy, based on a Deuterium-tritium fuel cycle, available in amounts less than 10% of the total power developed in CTR reactors, include ultraviolet energy from the plasma, secondary high-energy particle (p, α, β) energy, and ionized particle energy from the blanket. These forms will be useful mainly as a by-product from either thermal or electric CTR power generators. Eventually larger ultraviolet efficiencies may be available from the advanced Deuterium-deuterium fuel cycle.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908317808945980

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A means of direct conversion of solar energy to hydroelectric energy is discussed. The mechanism is appropriate to low-lying coastal desert regions with high potential evaporation rates. Formulas for output power are obtained. Climate and related data appropriate to suitable locations are included.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908317808945981

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Although the major product of underground gasification of coal is a low-Btu gas, approximately 5% of the total energy produced is in the form of relatively low-boiling coal tars. These liquid organic compounds, which are produced along with water and the product gas, have been characterized for their potential use as a synthetic liquid fuel. The liquids may also be suitable as a petrochemical feedstock and useful in determining the chemical reactions that are occurring underground. The coal tar material, which was sampled regularly during an underground coal-gasification test, showed variations in boiling ranges of from ambient to 600°F and ambient to 950°F with little or no residue as determined by simulated distillation. The coal tars were separated into tar acid, tar base, and neutral oil fractions. Of particular interest was the tar base fraction, which was examined in detail and showed the major constituents to he nitrogen-containing alkyl pyridines. The specific identification of several pyridines and the relative concentrations of these compounds produced under varying gasification conditions are discussed, Virtually all the nitrogen-containing compounds are weak bases as shown by potentiometric titration. The sulfur content of the acidic, basic, and neutral fractions is 0.2-0.3%.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908317808945982

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Although agriculture uses large amounts of energy for growing and processing foods, it also generates even larger amounts of unused energy in the form of crop residues. For the successful utilization of this energy source at the farm or food-processing level, a simple, low-cost method of converting residue energy to heat or shaft horsepower is needed. Such a method is gasification. The theory of gasification is reviewed and its historical application to crop residue is presented. Several potential applications are discussed.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908317808945983

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Currently the largest geothermal electric generation facility is located in California. The dry-steam resource type being used at the Geysers is economically attractive but its occurrence is quite rare. However, there are indications that large quantities of untapped hydrothermal resources may make the state one of the richest geothermal regions in the world.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908317808945984

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper discusses forecasting hourly system load for an electric utility using Box-Jenkins time-series analysis. The results indicate that a model based on the method of Box and Jenkins, given its simplicity, gives excellent results over the forecast horizon.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908317808945985

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Development of the Catalytic hydrosolvation process for converting coal to low-sulfur fuel oil is described in this paper. Coal impregnated with catalyst was slurried with oil, and the mixture was hydrogenated at a temperature of 475°C, and 30 min residence time under 3600 psi pressure. A ton of coal yielded 3.5 bbt of fuel oil containing 0.2% sulfur, with naphtha and C1-C4hydrocarbon gases as byproducts. A preliminary economic evaluation of the process indicated potential for further development.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908317808945986

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Vanadium complexes in native petroleum are discussed with regard to their origins and diagenesis. The basic structural information of vanadium in heavy, dark, residual asphaltic oil is reassessed when the geobiological aspects of the complexes are revealed. Application of the structural concept of vanadium complexes is given to explain the hydrodesulfurization catalysis.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908317808945987

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Crop residue is a renewable resource that could supply various energy products to an agricultural region. The feasibility of such an effort depends upon the agricultural characteristics of the region, the use of current energy products, alternate conversion technologies, and the operation of the supporting activities which collect, compact, and ship the residue on its journey from the field to final disposition. This paper delineates the various issues and shows a method of feasibility analysis which provides a uniform means of assessment of costs and energy use of alternate systems. The method is applied to examine the feasibility of direct firing residue in selected coal-fired utility boilers in Minnesota. It is found that many county-plant-operation combinations exist where the current coal cost exceeds the as-delivered cost of an energy equivalent amount of residue, suggesting that residue is a potential alternative fuel for power generation.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908317808945988

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908317808945989

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor