摘要:

Infrared studies are reported that have as their objective a better understanding of the structure of native petroleum asphaltenes as contrasted to other asphaltic substances. The aromatic clusters of the native petroleum asphaltenes appear to be primarily pericondensed in contrast to katacondensation of those in coal. Heat treatment of petroleum results in the appearance of katacondensed structure in the asphaltene. Condensed naphthenic groups are shown to be present and to vary with the source of the crude oil and its treatment prior to separation of the asphaltic fraction. The proportions of the total number of carbons existing as naphthenic, paraffinic and, specifically, as terminal methyl groups have been estimated.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318408908084

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A yield of toluene-soluble bitumen as high as 80 percent of the organic matter, has been obtained for a Chinese oil shale at Maoming, Guangdong Province, by means of supercritical gaseous toluene extraction. The structure of bitumen was investigated by a variety of analytical methods, such as solvent and chromatographic fractionation, ultimate analyses, molecular weight determination, infrared spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, and gas liquid chromatography. In the light of analytical results, it is revealed that mild thermal depolymerization takes place during extraction, and the oil shale kerogen has the character of a multipolymer. The average unit weight of the “building block” of the kerogen was estimated to be 4,500 with the formula C302H440O23N6S2. The fractions of aromatic, naphthenic, and paraffinic carbon of the kerogen were assessed as 0.30, 0.21, and 0.49, respectively. A sketch of kerogen carbon skeleton was also discussed.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318408908085

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to question the idea that the organic matter in Green River oil shale is a macromo-lecule or polymer-like material and to present evidence taken from the literature that describes its composition. The paper (1) discusses the composition of kerogen and bitumen and (2) attempts to show that Green River kerogen is a complex mixture of organic compounds, rather than a macromolecule or polymer-like material.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318408908086

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Source rocks can be classified on the basis of shale resistivity ratio parameter [rSR= Rsh(normal) / Rsh(observed)]. High ratios (undercompacted shales) indicate poor source rocks, whereas low ratios (well-compacted shales) may be indicative of good source rocks. In undercompacted shales, oil was not pushed out of shales by associated water due to lack of compaction.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318408908087

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The distribution of hydrogen according to structural type in a series of representative asphaltic materials was investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Determination of the fraction of total hydrogens, which are saturated, hs, by using the NMR technique was shown to be more accurate than by infrared spectrophotometry. Also, by utilizing data on the diameter of the aromatic sheets, La, obtained by X-ray diffraction, the shape of the aromatic centers was shown to vary but, on the whole, to be highly condensed and in no case chainlike in nature. Approximately 48 to 70 percent of the positions on the edge of the aromatic centers are substituted by atoms other than hydrogen. While the presence of naphthenic groups was confirmed, lack of reference data did not permit determination of size, shape, or degree of substitution. For the fractions prepared from crude oils, approximately 29 to 66 percent of the terminal carbons are in methyl or ethyl groups attached to the aromatic centers. NMR results confirmed the conclusion reached previously that mild thermal cracking results in the cleaving of chainsand dehydrogenation of the naphthenic structures to aromatic structures.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318408908088

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318408908089

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318408908090

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor