ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00867.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract: Systemic candidiasis is notoriously difficult to diagnose in neonates; however, it is frequently described and has a high mortality and morbidity. It is particularly likely to occur in extremely low birthweight babies, especially those receiving long‐term parenteral nutrition and antibiotics. The clinical features are non‐specific. Thrombocytopenia occurs in almost all cases of systemic candidiasis, but also in about half the cases of bacterial sepsis. Empirical antifungal therapy should be considered more readily for high‐risk, clinically septic, thrombocytopenic b

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00868.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract: There is an urgent need for strategies to prevent early onset group B streptococcal sepsis in the newborn. The most effective mechanism is the identification of maternal carriers of the organism and interruption of transmission during labour. Vaginal culture is currently the most reliable method for the identification of carriers. Antibiotic prophylaxis for known carriers in labour has been demonstrated to be effective as standard management practice in a number of Australian institutions and is the best available strategy at this stage.

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00869.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract: The review covers the four major changes in the history of tuberculosis in Australia from 1850 to 1994. During the first 100 years there was no significant effective treatment. Mass miniature radiological chest screening and effective bacteriological examination of World War II army recruits resulted in reliable diagnosis. The Australian Tuberculosis Campaign 1948‐76 utilized the army experience for detection, and the use of specific treatment virtually eliminated the disease. Failure to maintain strict screening of high‐risk groups, especially immigrants, has led to a resurgence of tuberculosis as shown by an increase in notifications in adults and prevalence rates in secondary school child

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00870.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective: This study determined whether knowledge of sleeping in the prone position as a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) influences caregivers' positioning of their infants for play and sleep.Methodology: One hundred caregivers attending Adelaide metropolitan Child Adolescent and Family Health Services (CAFHS) were surveyed by self‐administered questionnaire.Results: Ninety‐three per cent of parents reported that their knowledge of SIDS influenced infant positioning for sleep and 84% reported they never put their infant in the prone position for sleep. Thirty‐seven per cent reported that SIDS knowledge did influence play positioning and 26% reported never placing their infant prone for play. There was a significant association (P= 0.002) between the influence of SIDS knowledge on play positioning and avoidance of the prone position for play.Conclusions: Community educators may need to clarify that prone positioning for play is not a risk factor for SIDS and that it is desirable for infants to spend supervised wakeful time in the prone pos

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00871.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective: To identify neonatal seizures and evaluate the efficiency of clinical observations and short duration electroencephalograms (EEG).Methodology: Sixty‐three neonates were investigated using prolonged video/EEG monitoring. Patients with confirmed seizures were treated with sequential doses of phenobarbitone and, if seizures persisted, phenytoin. The likelihood of correct management if short duration EEG and clinical observations had been employed was determined.Results: Thirty‐two patients had confirmed seizures. After administration of anticonvulsants, clinical observations identified seizures in a mean of 66% (s.d. 7.3%) of the cohort. A 60 min EEG after each stage of phenobarbitone therapy would guarantee electrographic seizure capture in a mean of 76% (s.d. 10%) of the cohort. A 60 min EEG after addition of phenytoin would guarantee capture in 50%.Conclusions: An EEG would avoid misdiagnoses in most patients with ambiguous clinical signs. After anticonvulsant infusions, EEG add substantial information to that gained by clinical observati

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00872.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective: To ascertain whether nocturnal enuresis in adolescents is associated with depression, hyperactivity, oppositionality, conduct and peer problems.Methodology: This was investigated cross‐sectionally in adolescents aged 12‐16 years from a community sample (n= 528) and a clinically referred cohort (n= 2325) using parents' reports.Results: Referred adolescents were 7 times more likely to wet the bed than their community counterparts. There was a small but significant association between nocturnal enuresis and hyperactivity. Depressed adolescents were half as likely to wet the bed as those without depression. Bedwetters had more problems relating to peers but were not disliked more often. There was no association between bedwetting, oppositionality, conduct problems and gender. Gender differences disappeared when the effect of hyperactivity was controlled.Conclusions: Clinicians need to inquire about symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescents who present with enuresis and vice ve

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00873.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective: To determine whether day‐care attendance was a risk factor forHaemophilus influenzaetype b (Hib) disease, particularly for epiglottitis.Methodology: A case‐control analysis of risk factors for invasive Hib disease was performed in Victoria, Australia between February 1988 and February 1990 prior to the introduction of immunization for Hib. A total of 210 cases and 367 day surgery hospital controls were enrolled prospectively. Data were collected by questionnaire at the time of admission.Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors for meningitis were day‐care attendance, household crowding and recent illness in a sibling. Risk factors for epiglottitis were day‐care attendance and mother's birthplace in Australia or New Zealand.Conclusions: This study confirms that day‐care attendance is a risk factor for Hib epiglottitis as well as meningitis. In addition, the mother's birthplace in Australia or New Zealand is a risk factor for epiglottitis in these data. The reason for this latter observation i

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00874.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective:To assess whether information about asthma acquired by individual teachers, following attendance at an inservice seminar, would be communicated to other school staff, and whether policies about asthma management would be subsequently developed in schools.Methodology:A telephone interview was conducted of 50 primary school teachers in the Hunter Region who were selected randomly from those who had represented their school at an inservice seminar about asthma.Results:All 48 respondents had provided feedback to their colleagues, mostly at a staff meeting. After the seminar the number of schools with a written policy about the management of asthma had increased from 1 to 20. Initially the school's first aid kits contained a bronchodilator inhaler in 25 schools (increasing to 43 after the seminar), a spacer device in six schools (increasing to 47) and written guidelines for management of an asthma attack in seven schools (increasing to 32). Teachers from four schools indicated that all school staff knew how to recognize an acute attack prior to the seminar compared with 22 schools afterwards. Before the seminar 18 schools asked parents to supply written instructions for the management of their children at school but this increased to 44 after the seminar.Conclusions:A programme of one‐off seminars attended by one teacher from each primary school resulted in large increases in the proportion of schools with appropriate policies for the management of asthma in the school environmen

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00875.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objectives:The Adelaide Children's Hospital Parent Education Project was designed to determine the effect of the screening of health promotion programmes via closed circuit television facilities in hospital waiting rooms on parents' knowledge of child health issues.Methodology:A knowledge test was constructed with an internal consistency co‐efficient of 0.95 and used to identify target groups of parents with low knowledge. The education programmes screened were aimed at the knowledge deficits. To assess the effects of the programmes an experiment was conducted using a post‐test only/control group design, including a time delay. Days of the week were assigned randomly to programme days when health education programmes were screened and non‐programme days when normal television programmes were screened. The experimental group was selected randomly from the attendance registers on programme days and the control group from non‐programme days.Results:The experimental group of parents gained substantial increases in knowledge with some knowledge scores increasing by nearly 70%. Overall there was a statistically significant difference between the knowledge scores of experimental and control groups. The recall of programme content by parents was notable in view of the fact that because of waiting times most only viewed part of the education programmes. Health‐promoting behaviour changes were also reported.Conclusions:The screening of health programmes via hospital waiting room television significantly increases the health knowledge of viewers, although there is a decline

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00876.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY