ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1981.tb01927.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1981.tb01928.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1981.tb01929.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1981.tb01931.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The parents of the dwarfed children found that they wanted and needed more time to discuss their questions and concerns with their doctor and other professionals than was generally provided. They needed time not only when the initial diagnosis was given, but again at different stages of both their child's development and their acceptance of the condition.The reactions of parents to their child's abnormality varied and was affected by how information was presented to them. The majority of parents wanted a chance to form some relationship with their child before being told the diagnosis and more parents preferred to be told when the doctor is sure a dwarfing condition is present rather than when he just suspects one.In the early stages after diagnosis the most frequent questions concerned the availability of a cure, expected adult height, and intelligence. Cause and inheritance, and family planning questions usually followed. As the children developed, the parents' most pressing questions concerned quality of life that they could expect for their child. The study found a high incidence of mental and behavioural disturbance in families with a dwarfed individual, which suggests that the whole family may need professional assistance.

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1981.tb01932.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This study provided Information about the day‐to‐day experiences of dwarfed children and their families. The children were often slower in early motor development and in mastering physical skills; this seemed due to their altered body proportions. They usually remained physically dependent and emotionally immature longer than the normally growing child, and often underachieved academically.The dwarfed children were usually popular and extroverted in their early school years, but became socially isolated and depressed in their teenage years. Unsettled behaviour was frequent at school, reflected in repetition of grades and changes of schools. There was a high incidence of mental disturbance and antisocial behaviour in many of the families of these dwarfed child

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1981.tb01933.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Information about life styles and experiences was recorded from 57 dwarfed adults. Very few informants had themselves sought counselling with regard to growth, cause and inheritance, but most reported a prolonged “identity crisis” and feelings of anger as young adults.Since World War II the average standard reached at school had risen from lower secondary to Year 10. Most informants had been in open employment at some stage, generally holding employee status positions in clerical jobs and trades.Regular social activities with normal‐sized peers were enjoyed by two‐thirds of informants, but meeting with other dwarfed people brought mixed reactions. Twenty had married. Mental illness and behaviour disturbance were frequent in the households of the informants.There was general dissatisfaction with medical and employment services available to dwarfed people. Public transport and other public facilities were rarely suited to the needs of dwarfed adults, who were very dependent upon owning suitably modifi

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1981.tb01934.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The in‐hospital medical expenses for 90 very low birthweight (VLBW) infants weighing 1500 g or less at birth, whose parents had private health insurance, was reported. The median total and daily charges per survivor was $5,883 and $70 respectively. The median total and daily charges per non‐survivor was $1,113 and $450 respectively. The medical expenses per VLBW survivor calculated for all 375 VLBW infants, admitted for neonatal intensive care over the 4 year period, was $6,813. This ranged from $10,000 per survivor for the 11 survivors in the 501 g‐750 g birthweight group to $5,363 per survivor for the 145 survivors in the 1251 g‐1500 g birthweight group. As these charges were probably a small proportion of the resource costs in providing a neonatal intensive care service, society at large was bearing most of the cost. Nevertheless, we believe that with the present decline in neonatal mortality and morbidity in VLBW infants, the outcome of neonatal intensive care justifies t

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1981.tb01935.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The infant feeding practices of 77 very low birthweight (VLBW) survivors with birthweights under 1500 g were studied. 58 (75%) infants received fresh expressed breast milk (EBM) from their own mothers, of whom 42 were successfully breastfed at a medium postconceptual age of 36 weeks. Overall incidence of breastfeeding in the VLBW population was 44% at 3 months and 23% at 6 months. The postnatal ages at which breastfeeding stopped ranged from 2 months to 28 months (median 4 months). No significant differences in perinatal factors were found between the breast milk and milk formula groups. There were significantly more mothers in the breast milk group who were given advice and encouragement during their pregnancy on breastfeeding and who had planned in the antenatal period to breastfeed their infants. The most common reasons given for deciding against providing breast milk were related to extreme prematurity of the infant. Nursery weight gain of infants fed breast milk and milk formula were similar. Necrotizing enterocolitis occurred significantly less frequently in the breast milk group. The study suggested that the special attention and positve encouragement given to parents of VLBW infants had contributed to the successful establishment and continuation of a feeding regime utilizing fresh breast milk from the infant's own mother, which we believe has immunological, psychological and nutritional benefits in this high‐risk infant populatio

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1981.tb01936.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The relationships between breast‐feeding practices and the rates of gastro‐intestinal and lower respiratory illness during the first two years of life were examined for a birth cohort of New Zealand infants. During the first four months, there were significant tendencies for rates of gastro‐intestinal illness to decrease with increasing duration of breast feeding. These trends remained significant when the effects of a number of social and familial factors were taken into account. There was no association between duration of breast‐feeding and rates of gastro‐intestinal illness beyond four months. Prolonged breast‐feeding was associated with significantly lower rates of lower respiratory illness during both the first and second years. However, when the effects of social and familial factors were taken into account the apparent associations between duration of breast‐feeding and rates of lower respiratory illness became non‐significant. The implications of these finding

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1981.tb01937.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY