ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00586.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00587.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00588.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSince asthma is the most common chronic illness in childhood, many of the problems associated with this condition will impact on the child's education. Because of widespread concerns regarding the management of asthma in schools, a subcommittee of the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand, Asthma Special Interest Group, was convened to draw up national guidelines for school staff in order to provide optimal management of asthma in the school setting. We used current medical literature and the clinical experience of the authors who have dealt with children and adolescents suffering from asthma in the hospital, community and school environment. A number of issues had been identified, including: the availability of an asthma first aid kit; correct use of bronchodilator aerosols by puffer and spacer devices; and clear instructions as to when to notify parents and when to call an ambulance to the school.To provide optimal care of asthma in the school setting, the committee made the following recommendations: (i) improved guidance and training of school teachers and ancillary staff in appropriate asthma care; (ii) improved recognition by schools of those students with asthma; (iii) schools should encourage a policy of exercise for all students with asthma; (iv) asthma medication should be readily available at all times to those students with asthma; (v) the safety of school excursions and school camps should be improved by having available personnel competent in acute asthma management; a mobile asthma first aid kit; and by ensuring the student continues taking their usual asthma medications throughout the excursion; (vi) the early introduction of a ‘lung health’ education programme for all students, with particular emphasis on asthma being encouraged. We believe that asthma management in schools would be optimized if this national policy were adopted throughout Australian scho

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00589.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is now 50 years since Leo Kanner first described autism as a distinctive pattern of symptoms in some children with severe developmental problems. Since then the assessment and diagnosis of children with pervasive disorders of development has been refined and much is known about the phenomenology and epidemiology. Autism is a biological disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) of unknown cause. It is associated with a number of organic disorders such as epilepsy and has comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders such as tic disorder. Cognitive abnormalities in social interactions, affect and language are present but there is still debate regarding which of these, if any, is the primary cognitive deficit. Special education and behavioural management has led to modest but important developmental improvement in many children with autism. Autism remains a life‐long condition but patterns of symptoms change and skills develop from childhood into adult lif

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00590.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00591.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00592.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSpecific childhood injury types are ranked by occurrence rate for mortality, hospital admission and emergency department attendance. Cases are drawn from the resident population of Brisbane South, 0‐13 years of age, for the period 1 July 1985 to 30 June 1991. A total of 47244 injuries, 7056 admissions and 99 deaths were analysed. The overall mortality rate was 12.6/100 000 per year (95% confidence interval (Cl), 10.2‐15.3), the overall admission rate was 911/100 000 per year (95% Cl, 890‐932) and the overall hospital attendance rate was 6013/100000 per year (95% Cl, 5958‐6067). A fall was the most frequent injury mechanism for admissions and 65% of attendances involved injury in the child's own home. The surveillance data establish regional variation for childhood injury risk within Australia and identify an unexplained downward trend in head injury that requires further investigation. The future development of injury surveillance in Australia requires simplified coding which can be integrated into new computerized patient management information

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00593.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPulsed Doppler ultrasound was used to evaluate the cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), in the middle and anterior cerebral arteries in 10 infants before and after the administration of aminophylline (7.5 mg/kg). Mean CBFV, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were recorded before the loading dose, and then at 1, 2, 6 and 24 h after completion of the infusion. Mean CBFV in the middle and anterior cerebral arteries were 16.8 cm/s and 10.8 cm/s respectively prior to the infusion. There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in velocities in both arteries at 1 and 2 h post drug therapy, which returned to base values by 6h, and remained as such at 24h. The heart rate increased (P<0.05) after the infusion, while no consistent changes were observed in blood pressure or oxygen tension. Carbon dioxide levels were significantly reduced (P<0.05) at 2h. The reduction in CBFV, however, was more than would be expected on the basis of the change in carbon dioxide levels alone, suggesting that other factors may be exerting an influence. While no adverse effects were noted in the infants studied, it is suggested that aminophyiline should be used judiciously in sick preterm infants at highest risk from ischaemic brain injury.

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00594.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA structured questionnaire was sent to the parents of 120 children from a cohort 192, who had undergone a pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis at Westmead Hospital during the years 1984‐91. Information was gained from 85 children in 82 families regarding gastrointestinal complaints and family history of pyloric stenosis. There were few gastrointestinal problems, no reports of recurrent abdominal pain, but two reports of clinically significant vomiting (2.3%) and one of infantile colic. Of the 85 individuals studied, 21 (24.7%) had a positive family history of pyloric stenosis, a higher frequency than previously reporte

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00595.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY