ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1975.tb02301.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary1. Acute septic arthritis in childhood and infancy is an uncommon condition. Early diagnosis and early introduction of adequate treatment can prevent the crippling sequelae, especially when the hip joint of an infant is involved.2. Successful treatment of acute septic arthritis demands adherence to two fundamental principles: (i) the antimicrobial agent used must achieve effective concentrations within the joint: (ii) the purulent contents of the infected joint must be resorbed by the host or removed by the medical attendant.3. Effective concentrations of an antibiotic are present in an infected joint during systemic therapy and this obviates the need for local installation of antibiotics into a synovial space with attendant risks of destruction of articular cartilage and persisting ‘synovitis’.4. Blood cultures and arthrocentesis should be performed before antibiotics are administered in all cases of suspected septic arthritis.5. Antibiotics to be initially administered, before identification of causative organisms and antibiotic sensitivity, can be chosen on a “best guess' principle.6. In infants under the age of 6 months a wide range of organisms may be the cause, and broad spectrum bacteriocidal cover is required. Cloxacillin or Methicillin and Kanamycin have been recommended. Between the age of 6 months and 2 years the most common causative organisms isHaemophilias influenzae, and Ampicillin is the drug of choice. Over the age of 4 years, staphylococci are the most common cause and should be treated with Methicillin or Cloxacillin.7. Microscopic observation of a Gram‐stained smear from an initial aspirate may help in choosing the most appropriate antibiotic. If no organisms are seen or grown on culture, the combination of Methicillin or Cloxacillin together with Ampicillin appears most appropriate.8. The incidence of complications is directly related to the duration between onset of symptoms and introduction of effective treatment.9. Septic arthritis of the hip, particularly in the infant, should be treated by antibioticsandsurgical incision and drainage of the joint in all cases.10. In arthritis of joints other than the hip, there is still considerable controversy as to whether open operation and drainage should be performed in all cases, or whether this should be reserved for those which do not respond adequately to repeated arthrocentesis. The value of closed drainage with or without irrigation has not been adequately assessed. There is no place for intra‐articular installation of antibiotics.11. It is the author's belief that no other measure will so quickly bring a septic arthritis under control than proper incision and drainage, accompanied by antibiotic therapy.12. As the natural history of the disorder changes and micro‐organisms alter their antibiotic sensitivity, continuing studies regarding the causative organisms are mandatory.13. Advances in therapy will come when the mechanisms of joint destruction by infection are better

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1975.tb02302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Successful intravenous feeding of premature infants born at 26–30 weeks gestation is possible, and may be a significant factor in reducing mortality and morbidity. This paper presents the results of treatment of the first 6 infants in a continuing study of infants of birth weight 1050 g or less, fed totally intravenously.The solutions infused tend to produce an osmotic diuresis in small sick infants, but this can be controlled by careful monitoring. At present, complete intravenous feeding of very small premature infants should only be on a clinical trial basis in units with experience of intravenous feeding. We believe that the high mortality rate of this group is an example of rapid exhaustion of key substrate stores rather than an immaturity of system

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1975.tb02303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Australian Aboriginal children with moderate protein‐calorie malnutrition showed a high incidence of impaired production of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) from blood lymphoid cells on in vitro stimulation withCandida albicansantigen. This impairment persisted with the control of infection and nutritional repletion. MIF production to two other antigens, streptolysin‐O and lymphocyte membrane extract, was normal or increa

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1975.tb02304.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of exchange transfusion with ACD blood on electrolyte levels was studied in 60 exchanges performed on 57 infants. The blood levels of potassium, sodium and chloride in donor blood were markedly different from those in the infants. The effect of the exchange procedure on the electrolyte levels in the infants was, however, relatively small and rapidly reversed after the exchange. ACD blood not exceeding 5 days old seems to have little effect on the infants' electrolyte levels during exchange transfusion.

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1975.tb02305.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A randomly stratified proportionate sample of primary school age boys and girls was selected from the Perth metropolitan area to ascertain the accuracy of the Greulich and Pyle Atlas (1959) for assessing levels of skeletal growth and development of local children.An x‐ray of the left hand and wrist was taken of each subject, in addition to measurements of height and weight.The data revealed that the Greulich and Pyle Atlas was satisfactory for use in assessing boys used in the study, but progressively overestimated the level of development of the girls as their ages advance

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1975.tb02306.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Continuous, even, low pressure suction is an extremely efficient method of removing fluids and gases from body cavities. The suction from a hospital piped vacuum system is too great and too variable. A simple, safe, inexpensive, compact and foolproof apparatus is described which modifies the piped vacuum so as to provide controlled continuous, low pressure suction. The unit comprises a two flask system for collecting drainage fluid regulating the pressure. Safety measures are included for the protection of patients, adaptability is wide, instructions for use are simple, and nursing acceptance is high. Seven years experience, mainly in the urological service of a major paediatric hospital, confirms its efficiency and versatility.

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1975.tb02307.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1975.tb02309.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1975.tb02310.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1975.tb02312.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY