ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1986.tb00213.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Child drowning, especially among the preschool population, remains a significant cause of death in all countries from which statistics are available. A reduction in drowning rates in childhood remains a top priority for preventive paediatrics. Identification of antecedent causes and baseline predispositions (immigrant families, large families, older than average parents, specific high‐risk family lifestyles, attitudes to child rearing and socio‐economic status) has illustrated the complex themes that make it likely a child might enter the drowning sequence.Children drown as the end result of a sequence which is a longitudinal chain composed of many links.1Some of the links in the drowning sequence are weak, but others are forged with great resilience. The difficulty of doing anything effective to reduce drownings is illustrated by the data in Table 1. The latest available National figures show that for preschool children, the situation has not improved since 1

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1986.tb00214.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The 1980s have seen widespread growth in the screening of newborn infants for congenital hypothyroidism (CH). By 1982 it was estimated that 7‐9 million infants were screened annually.1There has been further expansion since 1982, not only in communities with highly developed public health programmes, but also in less developed centres.2Experience from Hong Kong is reported in a previous issue of this journal

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1986.tb00215.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the opening chapter of their scholarly edition on Down's syndrome, Rynders and Pueschel indicated that the present precetion of the condition is still sometimes medieval.1Notwithstanding the dramatic growth in present knowledge about Down's syndrome over the last 2.5 decades, “the dark ages never disappear completely from any developmental disability because ignorance, prejudice, and good intentions that go astray seem to be with us always…”1Rynders and Pueschel reported that as recently as 1970 the Encyclopaedia Britannica described Down's syndrome under the heading of ‘monster’. They also cited a 1968 article in which a theologian and moral philospher wrote, “People… have no reason to feel guilty about putting a Down's syndrome baby away, whether it's ‘put away’ in the sense of hidden in a sanitarium or in a more responsible lethal sense … True guilt arises only from an offense against a person, and a Down's is not a person.” A 1975 article in a ‘popular’ psychology magazine quoted the head of the Reproductive Genetics Unit at a USA university hospital as saying, “You show me just one mongoloid that has an educable IQ … I've never seen even one in my exper

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1986.tb00216.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPaediatricians throughout Australia and New Zealand completed a questionnaire in which they indicated the type of advice the normally give to parents of children with Down's syndrome. Results indicated strong support for early intervention, discussion with other parents of children with Down's syndrome, and conventional therapy services. Cosmetic surgery appears to be receiving increasing support. Megavitamin therapy, cell therapy and the Doman programme are unsupported. A tendency was noted for paediatricians to underestimate the developmental potential of children with Down's syndrome.

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1986.tb00217.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo hundred and two pre‐adolescent subjects aged 7‐12 years were examined on a battery of anatomical and physiological tests. The total sample comprised non‐competitive children, and those involved in training for swimming or tennis.A series of analyses of variance were applied to the data to determine whether any differences existed between preadolescent males and females. No significant interaction between age, sex and sporting involvement was found which indicated sex differences to be independent of age and training group. The results revealed that males were superior to females in physical exercise capacity, PWC170, forced vital capacity, and hand grip strength. Males also demonstrated a lesser proportion of body fat than females but were more mesomorphic. No significant differences existed in any of the other

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1986.tb00218.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChildren with end‐stage liver disease now form a major sub‐group of patients considered suitable for liver transplantation (ltp), and enjoy better survival statistics after transplantation than do adults. Since June 1984, a paediatric ltp programme has been developed in Brisbane with an initial working relationship and ongoing close links with two USA centres (Pittsburgh, and the UCLA Medical Center).Fourteen children with end‐stage liver disease have been referred to the Queensland Liver Transplantation Programme for formal assessment. Following frank, informed discussion with their parents, 10 of these children were offered the option of ltp. During the transition stage, two infants with biliary atresia were referred to UCLA at their parents' request and, subsequently, eight children aged from 9 months to 6 years have been placed on a transplant candidacy list in Brisbane. A donor procurement team with access to a Queensland Government jet has been available to cover all mainland States except Western Australia. Six of the children have now had orthotopic ltp (two children at the UCLA Medical Center; four children at the Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane). One UCLA patient died with a non‐functioning graft, and one Brisbane patient died 5 weeks post‐transplant with rejection, hepatic artery thrombosis and sepsis. The other four children are alive and well, three with normal liver function and one with unexplained intrahepatic cholestasis, during the 1‐20 month follow‐up to date. Three further children have died of their liver disease without a donor of an appropriate blood group and size being found, and one patient still awaits a suitable donor.The experience of these authors suggests that ltp is a major advance in the treatment of paediatric liver disease, and that the procedure can be carried out successfully in Australia with initial results comparable with leading overseas centres. The procedure requires the full array of services of a major paediatric tertiary care facility, an intensive team effort with awareness of the special needs of children, and a widespread procurement capability. A major problem for Australia is the procurement of sufficient numbers of optimal paediatric

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1986.tb00219.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUtilizing the revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire previously validated for use with Australian populations, a cohort of 2443 infants aged 4‐8 months was studied. This sample was recruited in such a manner as to be representatives of all infants of this age group in the State of Victoria. Temperament values obtained differed significantly from American norms on four of the nine temperament dimensions, providing further evidence for the importance of using culturally appropriate norms. There were associations between temperament and problem behaviours and some parent characteristics. The normative values for temperament presented are recommended for use in Australian setting

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1986.tb00220.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEighty (32%) of 249 infants weighing less than 1000 g at birth developed pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE); its incidence was 42% in infants at 500‐799 g, 29% at 800‐899 g and 20% at 900‐999 g. Fifty‐five per cent occurred in the first 24 h and 43% were associated with other forms of air leak. The incidence and mortality of PIE did not improve between 1977 and 1984. The mortality rates in infants with or without PIE were not significantly different in the first 4 years of the study period (53% vs 45%). As the mortality improved in infants without PIE during the second 4 years, the difference in mortality rates in infants with or without PIE became significant (68% vs 29%). PIE continues to be associated with serious mortality and morbidity in extremely low birthweight infants. Effective measures to prevent PIE are required before further improvement in their outcome can be a

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1986.tb00221.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA review was conducted of 234 consecutive patients with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) proven at operation. The relationship of age, sex, the duration of symptoms and the clinical degree of dehydration to the severity of metabolic derangement as reflected by alterations in serum electrolytes and acid‐base status, was analysed statistically. The length of history and the degree of dehydration was found to have predictive value in identifying those likely to have major metabolic disturbances. Where severe vomiting has persisted for more than 1 week, major derangements of the biochemical parameters should be anticipated; and where clinical assessment of dehydration is estimated as being greater than 5%, there is almost always some major biochemical abnormality present. Nevertheless, variation in individual cases necessitates that all patients with suspected HPS should have serum electrolytes and acid‐base estimations perfor

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1986.tb00222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY