摘要:

When it was first proposed to establish laboratories at Cambridge, Todhunter, the mathematician, objected that it was unnecessary for students to see experiments performed, since the results could be vouched for by their teachers, all of them men of the highest character, and many of them clergymen of the Church of England. (Bertrand Russell, 1872–1970

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1988.tb01358.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1988.tb01359.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1988.tb01360.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForty‐two cases of severe staphylococcal infection occurring over a 10‐year period in the neonatal unit at Queen Mary Hospital are described. There was a 4.5‐fold increase in incidence in the latter half of the study period, when methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) emerged. The isolated MRSA were also resistant to gentamicin, but sensitive to vancomycin, fusidic acid, co‐trimoxazole and amikacin. Comparison between MRSA and methicillin‐sensitive cases showed that the former was associated with a longer hospital stay after diagnosis. Overall mortality was 9.5%. Two cases with meningitis died. MRSA is at least as virulent as its methicillin‐sensitive counterparts. The treatment implications of severe neonatal staphylococcal infection

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1988.tb01361.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1988.tb01362.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a study using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) on urine specimens from 16 normal infants and 16 infants with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21‐hydroxylase deficiency (aged 1 day to 4 weeks), the major steroids recognized in all infants were: 16α‐hydroxy‐dehydroepiandrosterone, 16β‐hydroxy‐dehydroepiandrosterone, 16‐oxo‐androstenediol, androstenetriol, 15β, 17α‐dihydroxy‐pregnenolone and 16α‐hydroxy‐pregnenolone.Pregnanetriol was detectable in three normal infants (aged 3, 6 and 15 days) but the levels seen in 15 CAH patients were in a higher range. Pregnanetriolone, 5β‐17‐hydroxy‐pregnanolone and 15β, 17α‐dihydroxy‐pregnanolone were present in the urine of 15 CAH patients, but were not detectable in any of the normal infants. The older the patient, the higher the level was of each of these four steroids.The results indicate that, even on day 1, patients with CAH due to 21‐hydroxylase deficiency may be positively identified using GC‐MS of urine specimens. This does not preclude the possibility that a minority of patients with CAH, most likely those with mild 21‐hydroxylase deficiency, may not exhibit the characteristic GC‐MS findi

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1988.tb01363.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to extend our earlier observation that children who experience frequent respiratory episodes may benefit from Vitamin A supplementation, 206 children aged 2‐7 years who had been hospitalized for bronchiolitis during infancy were randomized into a controlled trial of Vitamin A supplementation. Of these, 149 met the criteria of protocol compliance after 12 months of follow‐up. Mean plasma retinol at baseline was 39.2 μg/100 ml (s.e.m. = 1.0) and did not increase after 12 months (mean = 36.0 μg/100 ml, s.e.m. =0.7) despite the older age of the cohort. The range observed (11.7–73.9 μg/100 ml) included some children at risk of marginal Vitamin A deficiency. Mean plasma retinol levels were 20% lower than those of children experiencing frequent respiratory episodes recorded earlier. Oral supplementation did not change plasma retinol levels, nor did it affect respiratory m

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1988.tb01364.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA review was undertaken of computerized data on 547 children aged 0‐14 years, treated under the Free Limb Scheme in Australia in the years 1981‐85, and of children in New South Wales, Queensland and South Australia having major amputations in some of these years. The male/female ratio was 1.8:1. There were 171 children with upper limb deficits and 376 children with lower limb deficits. The distribution of the limb deficits of the children treated under the free limb scheme is shown. The ratio of congenital:acquired limb deficiency is known for New South Wales and was 3.7:1. The prevalence of prosthetic use in Australian children is 14.8/100 000 child

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1988.tb01365.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe hand‐grip strength was measured as part of the 5‐year neurodevelopmental assessment of 24 very low birthweight (VLBW) and 18 normal birthweight (NBW) children. Hand‐grip strength was significantly lower in the VLBW children for left and right hands tested individually and for both hands used concurrently. Increasing hand‐grip strength was significantly related to 5‐year weight percentiles and to being in the NBW group. More of the VLBW children weighed less than the 10th percentile. After adjusting for the 5‐year weight percentile, the hand‐grip strength of VLBW children was still significantly lower than that for NBW children. This is another aspect of development in which VLBW children are

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1988.tb01366.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMedical records of all 483 infants live‐born at 24‐32 weeks’gestation in our hospital during the years 1982‐86 were reviewed in order to determine postnatal age at time of death for those who died in the first year after birth. Twenty‐seven died from immaturity without receiving intensive care and 11 died from lethal congenital malformations. Eighty (18%) of the remaining 445 who received intensive care died: 31% on day 1, 45% on days 2‐7, 12% on days 8‐28 and 11% on days 29‐365. The neonatal mortality rate for those receiving intensive care was 160/1000, and the postneonatal mortality rate was 20/1000.Delayed mortality was most common in infants of 26‐27 weeks’gestation, with 20% (five) of their deaths occurring after 28 days. In each gestational age range, the majority of hospital admission days were occupied by survivors (24‐25 weeks = 62%; 26‐27 weeks = 91%; 28‐29 weeks = 91%; 30‐32 weeks = 99%) rather than non‐survivors.Whilst postneonatal mortality is a significant concern, these data suggest that if infants born at less than 33 weeks’gestation are offered intensive care and survive the early neonatal period, the long‐term outcome is more likely to be survival rather than delayed death. Furthermore, the majority of hospital admission days invested in such infants involves those who will be discharged ho

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1988.tb01367.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY