摘要:

Abstract: Fetal echocardiography has provided a means for the detailed assessment of cardiac structure and function from early prenatal life. Indications for a fetal echocardiographic examination and the potential implications for individuals caring for newborns with cardiac malformations are discussed.

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00839.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective: To consider some of the many factors that influence the choice to initiate and continue breast‐feeding.Conclusion: There is increasing recognition of the nutritional value and related health outcomes of breast‐fed infants. Further research is essential to appraise the medical and social determinants of infant feeding practices, particularly the early discontinutation of breast‐feeding. Paediatricians are in an ideal position to foster, encourage and support such research and to accept a wider role in advocacy of the infant's right to obtain optimal nutr

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00840.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Wilms' tumour, or nephroblastoma, is an embryonal malignancy of the kidney with an incidence of approximately 1 in 10000 live births. It occurs in both sporadic and familial forms, but only 1% of Wilms' tumour patients have a positive family history. The molecular genetics of Wilms' tumour have been the subject of extensive research and at least three genes (WT1,WT2,WT3) have been implicated.WT1 has been mapped to 11p13, and it has been suggested that loss or inactivation of a tumour‐suppressor gene at 11p13 might be a primary event in the development of Wilms' tumour. TheWT2 gene maps to 11p15 in the region of the Beckwith‐Wiedemann locus. TheWT3 locus is likely to be located to chromosome 16q. The understanding of the molecular genetics of Wilms' tumour is reviewed brie

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00841.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Infant colic is a common disorder of doubtful aetiology. The known facts have been interpreted in a historical and geographical context The apparent increase in incidence of the condition in the Westernized world during the twentieth century may reflect the technological advances and social changes that have occurred in recent years.

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00842.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective:To determine the incidence of and organisms responsible for neonatal nosocomial infection (after 72 h of age).Methodology:A 1‐year evaluation of 321 consecutive septic work‐ups performed on 130 of 1008 babies admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for more than 72 h. Fifty‐seven (89%) of 64 infants of birthweight 500‐999 g, 36 (34%) of 105 infants 100‐1499g, 27 (6%) of 422 infants 1500–2499g and 10 (28%) of 477 infants of birthweight1000 g as the highest risk group for nosocomial infection especially CONS. New strategies in prevention, surveillance and treatment are required for extremely lo

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00843.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective:Some Aboriginal children have poor growth while others grow according to international standards. This study was designed to find whether these differences were related to families.Methodology:Data were obtained on 13 families at Cherbourg Aboriginal Community in Queensland. There were data on the growth and hospital admissions of children in these families for at least two generations. Data were taken from records of the Infant Health Clinic and Hospital on the Community. A total of 606 children were considered.Results:The growth of a child during infancy is correlated with the growth of his/her mother in infancy, but not with the growth of the father. We have therefore defined families in the matrilineal line. There were marked and highly significant differences between the growth of children in the 13 families. The families with good growth in one generation were likely to have good growth of children in the next generation.Conclusions:In spite of the overall improvements in the growth of infants and children at Cherbourg, families tended to maintain their rankings from one generation to the next. It would be cost‐efficient to target health advice to those families who have, in the past, had poor growth among their childre

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00844.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective:The aetiology and clinical features of status epilepticus (SE) are described, with the aim of defining any relationship between risk factors and clinical outcome.Methodology:A retrospective review was performed of 37 Chinese children admitted to Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, from 1989 to 1993 with the diagnosis of SE.Results:Eighty‐six per cent had onset before 5 years of age; 60% were due to an acute central nervous system (CNS) insult, 11% were idiopathic, 13% had a pre‐existing CNS insult, 5% were febrile and 11% were due to progressive encephalopathy. An abnormal neurological status was present in 24% before the episode of SE, and a history of seizures before the onset of SE was present in 35% of patients. Fifty‐four per cent of the episodes of SE were generalized. The mortality rate was 11% during the period of follow up but no deaths were attributed to SE. Neurological sequelae were observed in 27% of patients and recurrent SE occurred in 12%.Conclusions:In those patients with normal neurological status before an episode of SE and without acute CNS insult or progressive encephalopathy, the outcome was favou

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00845.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective:To determine whether pressure in the inferior vena cava (IVC) is similar to central venous pressure.Methodology:Prospective measurement of both central venous pressure (CVP) and inferior vena cava pressure (IVCP) in the same child; each child had to have both cathetersin situ.Two measurements of each pressure in reverse order (IVCP then CVP, and CVP then IVCP) were done and the mean of each was recorded. Comparison of the pressures was performed using the method of Bland and Altman.Results:Thirty‐nine children had pressures recorded. The CVP ranged from 3 to 17 mmHg. In 22 of 39 measurements IVCP was equal to CVP; in 33 of 39 measurements IVCP was different from CVP by 1 mm or less and in 37 of 39 measurements IVCP was different from CVP by 2 mm or less. The mean difference between IVCP and CVP was + 0.33 mmHg, the 95% confidence interval was 2.26 to + 2.93 mmHg.Conclusion:Measurement of IVCP is a good approximation to CVP and can be routinely used in clinical care of children who do not have raised intra‐abdominal press

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00846.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective:To examine the effects on adolescents of being born small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA).Methodology:The sample are members of a cohort longitudinal study in which growth, cognitive development and behaviour are being studied into adulthood, Ninety‐one SGA subjects were available for comparison with the rest of the sample (n= 1037) on measures of height, weight, head circumference, cognitive performance and behavioural variables to the age of 18 years old.Results:SGA subjects were shorter and lighter at 18 years of age than their appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) counterparts despite age of onset of menarche being the same in both groups. At age 13, SGA subjects scored significantly lower than the AGA group on the WISC‐R scales. They were rated by parents as having more behaviour problems at age of 15.Conclusions:SGA birth appears to be a potential problem which extends beyond childhood in its effects on growth, behaviour and cognit

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00847.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective:To examine how changes in the rates of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have varied in different income groups during a 25 year period.Methodology:Census data were obtained for five census periods (1971, 1976, 1981, 1986 and 1991) on the number of SIDS cases and inevitable deaths. Census area units (CAU) were ranked according to the average income earned by adults over the age of 15 years for each census year. The CAU were then divided into three equal income groups: low, middle and high.Results:The rates of SIDS differed significantly between the three income groups for the 1991 census period with the low income SIDS rate being 4.6/1000 births compared to 1.2/1000 live births for the higher income groups (Chi‐squared = 18.3,P>0.0001). There was no association between rates of inevitable deaths and income groups.Conclusion:Currently, low income groups have three times the rate of SIDS compared to those in higher income groups. The reason for this is probably because the disadvantaged groups carry an overall higher burden of risk factors for SIDS. This must be kept in mind as further SIDS educational programmes are developed and implemente

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00848.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY