ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1979.tb01232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1979.tb01233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1979.tb01234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Roberton, D. M., Harrison, M., Hosking, C.S., Adams, L. C. and Bishop, R. F. (1979).Aust. Paediatr. J.,15, 229–232. Rapid diaggnosis of rotavirus infection: Comparison of electron microscopy and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Commonly used methods for detecting rotavirus antigen in stool are either relatively insensitive (counter‐immuno‐electrophorosis) or suitable only for research laboratories (electron microscopy). In this paper we describe an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay that compares favourably with electron microscopy in terms of sensitivity and is adaptable for use in hospitals or for epidemiological studies in the

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1979.tb01235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Yu, V. Y. H., Hewson, P. H. and Hollingsworth, E. (1979).Aust. Paediatr. J., 15, 233–237. Iatrogenic hazards of neonatal intensive care in extremely low birthweight infants. The history of neonatal paediatrics has evidenced over‐enthusiasm in the introduction of innovations in management which are almost always accompanied by unforseen hazards. We have scrutinised present practices in the intensive care of 55 infants weighing<1000 g at birth, which might be responsible for the current trends in iatrogenic disease patterns. Umbilical arterial catheterization was associated with a 29% complication rate. Hyperoxia was documented in 81% of infants during oxygen therapy. Retrolental fibroplasia was present in 1 survivor. Blood sampling for microbiochemical and haematological monitoring increased the need for replacement blood transfusions. Postnatally acquired cytomegalovirus infection occurred in 4 infants, 3 of whom were probably infected from transfused blood. Complications associated with current nutritional management included hyperglycaemia, hypocalcaemia and hyponatraemia. Iatrogenic factors might have contributed to the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus and cholestatic jaundice. We conclude that current neonatal intensive care practices need ongoing scrutiny and great caution should be taken in introducing new advan

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1979.tb01236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Corbet, A. J. S., Flax, P., Alston, C. and Rudolph, A. J. (1979).Aust. Paediatr. J.,15, 238–242. Role of autonomic nervous system controlling secretion of pulmonary phospholipids in the rabbit at birth.Saline, propranolol or atropine was injected into 29.5 day fetal and newborn rabbits, and after 15 minutes they were sacrificed at delivery or allowed to breath room air for a further 45 minutes. Then the lungs were lavaged with physiological saline and measurements made of total phospholipid in lavage fluid. From the lungs of nonbreathing fetal and newborn rabbits injected with saline, propranolol or atropine, recovery of phospholipid was a mean of 5.0, 4.2 and 5.2 micrograms per gram dry lung weight per gram body weight respectively. Breathing for 45 minutes was associated with an increase to mean values of 7.6 p<0.05), 6.7 (p<0.05) and 5.6 micrograms per gram dry lung weight per gram body weight respectively. These results were interpreted to mean that the normal increase of pulmonary phospholipid secretion associated with the onset of breathing at birth could be inhibited by atropine, but not by propranolol. This suggests that the secretory process associated with breathing is under control of the parasympathetic nervous syste

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1979.tb01237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

McDiarmid, J. McK. and Silva, P. A. (1979).Aust. Paediatr. J.,15, 243–247. Three‐year‐old twins and singletons: a comparison of some perinatal, environmental, experiential, and developmental characteristics.Twenty‐four 3‐year‐old twins were compared with 1013 singletons on an array of perinatal, experiential, and developmental parameters. More mothers of the twins had moderate hypertension during pregnancy. The twins experienced significantly more birth hypoxia, had reduced gestational ages, lower birth weight, and more neonatal apnoea than the singletons. The twins had fewer experiences as preschoolers than the singletons. They were slower to smile, talk, feed themselves with a spoon, and attain bladder control. The twins were shorter, lighter, had smaller head circumferences, and were about 3 months slower than the singletons in both receptive and expressive language development. The 24 twins were matched with singletons with similar perinatal histories, gestational age and birth weight, and compared for developmental characteristics. The only significant difference remaining was the age at which the children first talked. By age 3 years, language development was no longer significantly delayed. The results were interpreted as suggesting that developmental disadvantages in preschool twins result from perinatal rather than postnatal di

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1979.tb01238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Deacon, E. L., O'Reilly, M. J. J. and Williams, A. L. (1979).Aust. Paediatr. J.,15, 248–254. Some statistical and climatological aspects of the incidence of the sudden infant death syndrome.SIDS data for the Statistical Divisions of Melbourne (1973–77) and Brisbane (1968–77) show there to be only a small seasonal variation in the deaths of infants 2–13 weeks of age, but for the older cases the variation is much stronger, particularly in the Melbourne area. There is no evidence of any time‐clustering of deaths in the 2–13 weeks age group in either area, nor is there in the 14–25 weeks age group in Melbourne's colder months. Consistent with a random process, the variance of Brisbane's annual number of cases from the 10‐year mean is close to that for a Poisson distribution. In conjunction with published data for other communities. It is found that the incidence of SIDS correlates closely with a climatic index in terms of mean annual percentage of cold‐wet weather. This suggests a connection with the amount of respiratory infection in the general population, but other factors may be involved, such as ti

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1979.tb01239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Langley, J., Dodge, J. and Silva, P. A. (1979).Aust. Paediatr. J.,15, 255–259. Accidents in the first 5 years of life: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study.As part of a longitudinal study of child development, information was collected on all accidents during the first 5 years of life that required medical attention. Four hundred and eighty six of a sample of 991 children had 729 accidents in the first 5 years of life. Sixteen per cent of the children had two or more accidents. Ten per cent of the accidents resulted in a hospitalisation. The more common accidents, those involving falls, poisons, sharp objects, foreign bodies, being caught between objects, and hot substances or objects are described and discussed. We suggest that many accidents could have been prevented. A necessary prerequisite for improved prevention measures is the collection and study of detailed information on the circumstances surrounding accidents. A case is made for an organisation with primary responsibility to monitor the safety of consumer product

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1979.tb01240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nixon, J. W., Pearn, J. H. and Petrie, G. M. (1979).Aust. Paediatr. J.,15, 260–262 Childproof safety barriers. An ergonomic study to reduce child trauma due to environmental hazards.Trauma is the biggest killer of young children in Australia. An ergonomic study has been undertaken to test the ability of 500 Australian children to pass safety fences of various heights. Eighty per cent of 2 year olds, the modal age for child drowning, cannot climb a 60 cm (2 ft) fence. Twenty percent of 3 year olds can climb a 1.2 (4 ft) barrier. Cumulative frequency curves for the ability to climb safety barriers, by age. are presented. The Median age for negotiating a 1.4 m (4 ft 6 in) safety fence is 4 years. It takes on average only 12 seconds for a five year old to climb a 1.2 m safety fence and 17 seconds to climb a 1.4 m barrier. Predictions for the reduction in child trauma are given, if safety legislation were introduced to cope with modern environmental hazards. If a 90 cm barrier protects an enviromental hazard, child trauma will be reduced by 65%, and by 75% if a 1.4 m barrier is used. Specifications for compulsory safety devices vary from region to region, but public acceptance demands a minimum of interference with both physical freedom and with aesthetic

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1979.tb01241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY