摘要:

In the pre‐antibiotic era more than 9096 of children with bacterial meningitis died from their disease. The introduction of antibiotics and intensive care reduced mortality to approximately 5%, but significant morbidity remained. A prospective study of 50 children who recovered fromHaemophilus influenzaetype b meningitis reported that 28% had significant physical or intellectual disabilities 3 years after their illness.1The failure of new and more powerful antibiotics to improve the outcome of meningitis meant that other treatment modalities needed to be evaluate

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1990.tb02442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1990.tb02443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom a sample of 849 adolescents studied at age 15, 429 had been involved in 657 separate incidents, which resulted in 705 acute injuries requiring medical attention during their 14th and 15th years of life. The most common injuries were sprains, strains, fractures and lacerations, and the most common body site was the finger. The majority of injuries were of minor severity. Striking against an object or person was the most common incident resulting in injury, followed by being struck by an object or person, and ovarexertion or strenuous movement. Approximately half of the injuries were incurred during sport or a similar physical activity. Sporting injuries are examined in detail and preventive measures discussed.

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1990.tb02444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUnintentional injuries at school have been identified as a significant public health problem. A major barrier to the development of injury prevention policy has been the absence of national data on the circumstances of injuries to students which occur at school. This study sought to determine the incidence, nature, and circumstances of injuries which resulted in death or hospitalization. Fatalities were identified from national mortality data for 1977‐86 inclusive. Coroners' files were then examined to obtain details of the circumstances of injury. Hospitalization cases were identified from the national hospital discharge summary for 1986.Fifteen fatalities were identified. The circumstances of the deaths were diverse with the most frequent event being a fall (n= 4). A total of 1013 first admissions to hospital were identified, giving an overall incidence rate of 152/100000 students/year. Injury rates declined with increasing age, and males had higher rates than females for all ages. Fractures of the upper and lower limbs and intracranial injury represented more than three‐quarters of all injury. The two leading causes of injury, falls, and incidents involving striking against or being struck by a person or object, represented 89% of all incidents. The use of playground equipment and involvement in sporting activity were two of the more common aspects of many injury events.The results suggest that prevention policy should place emphasis on those in their first 2 years of schooling, falls from playground equipment, provision of protective equipment for sporting activities, sporting activities designed to minimize physical contact, establishment of standardized injury referral procedures, first‐aid training, and a standardized injury reporting s

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1990.tb02445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPreparation of the New Zealand Playground Standard was seriously hampered by a lack of published information on the incidence, nature, and circumstances of playground equipment‐related injuries. The present study was aimed at redressing this lack of information. Examination of all discharges from New Zealand public hospitals for 1984 identified 1125 children less than 15 years of age who had been admitted for the treatment of playground equipment‐related injury. This gave an incidence rate of 137/100000 children per year. The mean age was 7.2 years. The commonest injury was fracture of the upper limb (48%), followed by intracranial injury (26%). One‐third occurred at school, climbing apparatus (40%) was most often involved, and the great majority involved falls (93%). With this study it has been possible for the first time in any country to report an incidence rate for all causes of playground equipment‐related injuries resulting in hospitalization, based on data for an entire population. The findings support the emphasis placed on falls in the S

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1990.tb02446.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNutritional assessment was performed in 38 children with juvenile chronic arthritis (polyarticular [15]; pauciarticular [13]; systemic [10]). This included anthropometric measurements (height weight, mid‐upper arm circumference and four skinfolds) and a 7 day weighed food record. The children were classified according to current type of arthritis which in some cases was not the same as the initial onset type. Mean height Z scores were significantly below the Z score population mean of O in the systemic (P= 0.02) and polyarticular (P= 0.009) groups. Mean weight Z scores were also below the mean in the polyarticular group (P= 0.001) but the systemic group did not reach significance. Mean energy intakes were significantly below the recommended dietary intake (RDI) in the systemic (P= 0.01) and polyarticular (P= 0.001) groups. Mean intakes of calcium and zinc were below the RDI of 100% in the polyarticular group. (P= 0.0001). Thirteen (34%) of children were taking some form of self‐prescribed vitamin and/or mineral supplement Vitamin C was the most commonly used supplement, despite dietary intakes greatly exceeding the RDI. Nutritional assessment is essential in the management of patients with JCA, in particular those with systemic or polyarticular dise

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1990.tb02447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study was conducted on 447 healthy high school students of southern Chinese descent to determine the prevalence of anaemia and thalassaemia. Haematological data and serum ferritin levels were determined on all venous blood samples. Haemoglobin (Hb) etectrophoretic study was conducted on 43 students who had anaemia (Hb<12 g/dL), and/or mean corpuscular volume (MCV) less than 80 fL. They were re‐assessed after 1 month of oral iron therapy. Three girls had definite iron deficient anaemia (<1%). Thirty‐nine students had either α or β‐thalassaemia, only seven of whom showed anaemia Since the overwhelming majority of both the thalassaemic students (38 of 39) and the participants (429 of 447) were of Cantonese extraction (native of Guangdong province), the overall incidence of 8.6% (α‐thalassaemia 5.4%, β‐thalassaemia 3.4%) reflected the high frequency of the thalassaemia gene among this group of southern Chinese. MCV measurement rather than Hb, was more useful in

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1990.tb02448.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the 7 years from 1982 to 1988, 10639 children with acute asthma were admitted to the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. Of these, 262 children (2%) were treated in the Intensive Care Unit. Twenty‐seven required mechanical ventilation on 34 occasions, being 0.3% of hospital asthma admissions. Five patients died, four due to brain death following respiratory arrest prior to intubation. The main complications were (i) barotrauma, which occurred in five patients on seven occasions (20%); (ii) a reversible myopathy which occurred in three patients treated with high dose corticosteroids and muscle relaxants. Follow‐up of patients ventilated in intensive care revealed that all but one of the initial survivors was alive 1–5 years later, all patients required subsequent readmission to hospital for treatment of acute asthma and 78% had persistent rather than episodic asthma. Although uncommon, an episode of ventilation has a major impact on the family's understanding and future management of acute a

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1990.tb02449.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study explored the possible effect of ambient temperature and humidity on the breast‐milk intakes of Australian infants (n= 35) aged 6–12 weeks. Over a 24 h period, each baby was fed only on milk from the breast; milk intakes, temperature and humidity were monitored. Milk intakes—determined by test‐weighing the baby, with a correction for evaporative losses during feeds—showed a mean of 830 g/24 h, with median 818 and s.d. 152. The mean correction for evaporative losses was 46 g/24 h; omission of this correction would have led to an average underestimate of 5.5% in 24 h intakes. Ambient conditions varied substantially between subjects: 24 h mean temperatures ranged from 14 to 28°C, and humidities from 48 to 97%. Over these ranges, breast‐milk intakes did not appear to be significantly influenced by ambient temperature or ambient humidity; however, the rate of evaporative losses increased by 0.008 g/min for each 1°C rise in ambien

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1990.tb02450.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a series of 21 patients with aganglionosis there were five with associated anomalies (24%). These included trisomy 21, Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome type II, persistent Müllerian duct syndrome, supernumerary digits and segmental hypopigmentation. This high incidence may be due to sample bias, but clinicians are encouraged to carefully follow their aganglionic patients as there may be under‐reporting of associated anomalies. Knowledge of these anomalies can help in the management of individual patients and subsequent pregnancies. In addition these diverse associated anomalies suggest that as well as sometimes being part of a vagal neural crest deficiency, aganglionosis can be part of a generalized mesenchymal defect in embryonic development. There are probably several genes in

ISSN:1034-4810    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1990.tb02451.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY