摘要:

ABSTRACTGrassland plots were dressed with different amounts of cow slurry in January or March and grazed by dairy heifers at intervals from late April to August. In the first experiment slurry was applied at levels up to 56 tonnes/ha (22±4 tons/ac) in March. Total herbage DM production was directly proportional to the amount of slurry applied. There was no effect of treatment on percentage herbage utilization. In the second experiment slurry was applied at levels up to 100 t/ha (40 tons/ac) in January or in March. There was no significant effect of time or level of slurry application on herbage production or on animal intake, but the behaviour of the heifers was modified during the first eight weeks after plots had been dressed with 75 or 100 t/ha (30 or 40 tons/ac)

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted in 1971 and 1972 to study the effects of two levels of fertilizer N (50 and 504 kg/ha) on the productivity of pastures grazed by young beef cattle. Two stocking rates were imposed at the lower N level and three at the higher. In addition to rotational grazing, set‐stocking and an integrated grazing‐conservation system were included. The responses/kg N were approximately 1 kg live‐weight gain, 19–24 Meal ME and 8–9 kg DM. Maximum yields of 1200–1300 kg live‐weight gain/ha and 25,000–27,000 Meal ME/ha were recorded. Productivity of set‐stocked pasture was similar to rotational grazing at the high N level, but lower at low N. The integrated system yielded comparable results to high‐N rotational grazing. Performances and herbage intakes per animal reflected the sto

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTNine wilted silages made from tetraploid red clover were fed in four winter‐feeding experiments to 32 Ayrshire cows. The DM content of the silages averaged 23±5% (range 15±8–27±1) and contained an average of 19±6% crude protein, 14±2% digestible crude protein and 52±0% digestible organic matter. The pH values varied from 4±0–6±2, depending on the DM content and mechanical treatment of the crop, and the rate of application of formic add. The silages were fedad lib.with supplementary concentrates and the average daily intakes of silage DM ranged from 16±0–24±0 Ib/cow (7±3–10±9 kg). The highest daily intakes were obtained with double‐chopped silage containing 24–26% DM with a pH of 4±0. Although the red‐clover silage had a high content of N and apparently provided a balanced ration with the addition of barley, yields of milk were increased significantly by substituting 1 Ib (0±4 kg) groundnut cake for 1 Ib barley in the daily ration of the cow. The silage contained oestrogenic compounds but the breeding pattern and fertility of the cows were not affected adversely. The tetraploid red clover produced approximately 9000 Ib DM/ac (10 100 kg/ha) in the 1st‐harvest year and it is concluded that a safe and highly palatable silage with high intake characteristics can be made if the clover is wilted to about 24% DM, double chopped, and formic acid is app

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAn experiment designed to compare the nutritive values for milk production of dried grasses harvested in spring and autumn is described. The DM digestibility of the spring‐ and autumn‐dried grass was 67±7 and 66±0%, respectively. Both dried grasses were fed at two levels, 0±4 and 0±5 kg/ kg milk (4 and 5 Ib/10 Ib milk), to lactating cows in a randomized‐block design experiment using 24 animals. Each animal was also given 2±5 kg hay/day (5±5 Ib) and in addition sufficient of the dried grass under investigation to meet maintenance requirements.Milk yield, milk energy output, live‐weight gain and the solids not fat (SNF) and protein contents of the milk increased with feeding level. Season of dried grass harvesting had no effect on milk yield, milk energy output or live‐weight change. The spring‐harvested dried grass resulted in a significantly higher milk SNF content than the autumn‐dried grass and also tended to reduce m

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe grass intake of three breeds of ewe was measured in the 5th–7th week (Period 1) and the 9th–11th week (Period 2) of lactation. The breeds of ewe were Finnish Landrace × Scottish Halfbred (FH), Finnish Landrace × Scottish Blackface (FB) and Thornber Colburn Colbred × Scottish Blackface (TC2). The immature FH ewes had a lower intake of digestible OM (26±1g/kg LW per day) than the mature FB (32±2g/kg LW per day) and TC2ewes (33±5g/kg LW per day) in Period 1, but there were no difference between the breeds in Period 2. The intakes in Period 2 were significantly lower than those in

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTFive grazing experiments each lasting 2 or 3 years were made between 1955 and 1967, all starting in the first year of ryegrass/cocksfoot/clover or ryegrass/clover leys. A high and a low rate of N, 235 and 45 Ib/ac on average (263 and 51 kg/ha) were compared for beef production. High‐ and low‐N treatments gave mean clover contents for the grazing season of 8 and 24 % on a dry‐weight basis, respectively. High N consistently gave a smaller liveweight gain/animal than low N, on average 1±92 and 2±08 Ib/day (0±87 and 0±94 kg/day), respectively. Liveweight gain/ac was 20% greater for high N than for low N, and in terms of net energy the production from high‐ and low‐N, respectively, was 18,500 and 15,000 MJ/ac (45,700 and 37,100 MJ/ha). Data from these experiments, together with published results, were used to calculate a regression of liveweight gain response on N rate and an equation was derived from this to express the output in terms of profit. At 1971 prices profit was maximal at λ0±9/ac (λ2/ha) with 112 Ib N/ac (125 kg N/ha); it was considerably greater at 1973 prices when higher rates of

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAn integrating wattmeter for measuring the electrical energy used by a laboratory grinder during fixed periods of 60 or 90 seconds is described. The energy required to grind small forage samples was determined as the difference in energy recorded in separate periods when the grinder was either idling or grinding. the conversion of current used by the grinder to recorded output was linear over the range experienced when grinding forage samples.

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAn electronic pasture‐meter was found to be of limited use for the routine estimation of DM production of oat cultivars for the reason that the relationship between the meter reading and DM varied with different cultivar

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe herbage intake and grazing behaviour of 4 dry cows on autumn grass receiving 2, 4, 6 or 8 kg concentrates/day, was assessed in a 4×4 Latin Square experiment.Total OM intake increased from 11±5 kg/day with 2 kg concentrates to 13±6 kg/day with 8 kg concentrates. The average supplementary effect was 0±46 kg increase in OM intake/kg OM fed as concentrates.Minutes per day spent grazing decreased from 495 with 2 kg concentrates to 359 with 8 kg. The mean decline was 22 min./kg concentrates or 28 min./kg OM in concentrates eaten. Herbage was eaten at an average rate of 47 min./kg

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY