摘要:

This paper deals with the second three years (April 1954 to March 1957) of a grazing‐management trial in the form of a pilot farm. The whole area of 35.5 acres was run as a self‐contained unit with the object of providing grazing for as long a period of the year as possible. A system of rotational grazing was used throughout with strip‐ and fold‐grazing at certain seasons. Excess herbage was conserved as silage and hay and fed back to stock during the winter. Beef‐type steers and ewes and lambs grazed the pastures, the saleable products being fat cattle, lambs and wool. Results are presented and discussed in relation to stock numbers, animal health, herbage production and botanical composition, fertilizer application and the levels of production achieved. Over‐all average fertilizer dressings per acre for the three years were equivalent to 5 cwt. per acre nitro‐chalk, 2 cwt. per acre superphosphate and 1 cwt. per acre muriate of potash. The outputs of utilised starch equivalent in 1954–5, 1955–6 and 1956–7 were 2970, 2850 and 2280 1b. per acre, respectively. On the basis of the six years' results it is concluded that high production can be achieved from a system where the object is an extended grazing season; that broadcast leys can be used for winter grazing and the botanical composition of the sward maintained; that self‐fed silage can be a satisfactory feed for fattening cattle; that a grazing plan is a valuable guide to management; and that the pilot‐farm method is of value for certai

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00138.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Utilised grass production on ten small farms in North County Dublin has been estimated using (A) the method adopted by the British Grassland Society Sub‐Committee on the assessment and recording of the utilised output of grassland, and (B) a live‐weight increase method using Woodman's figures.At the beginning of the grazing season all the grazing animals on each farm were weighed. At the same time the records for method A were begun. Altogether 169 animals and 12 sheep were weighed during March‐April. Animals sold during the period of investigation were weighed, where possible.The results obtained using the two methods have been compared. Average percentage difference on ten observations was 11.3%, with a variation of ± 3.7%. On farms 1–5, where only mature stock were kept, the percentage difference was 9.9%± 2.2%. On farms 6–10, where animals of all categories were grazed, the percentage difference averaged 12.8%± 2.2%. In all cases the live‐weight‐increase method gave the higher estimated yield.The techniques used in the estimation of utilised grassland production are discussed. Total output varied between 26.5 cwt. and 9.0 cwt. of utilised S.E. per acre. The significance of the findings is discussed and the value of the methods us

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A leafy strain of timothy and of perennial ryegrass showed no significant reductions in seed yields following grazing at different dates from October to January, when extra nitrogen was applied.Spring and winter + spring grazing, together with extra nitrogen, significantly reduced the seed yield of S50 timothy for three successive harvest years.Perennial ryegrass S101 showed no reduction after spring or winter + spring grazing when defoliation was made not later than mid‐April, but when grazing was delayed until May and drought occurred there was a significant reduction in seed yiel

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The differences in soil fertility in a ley as a result of treatments applied for four years in a sheep‐grazing trial were measured by growing crops of wheat and kale. The pasture treatments had been: control, dung, urine and dung plus urine, each combined with four levels of fertilizer nitrogen.Yields of winter wheat harvested in 1956 ranged from 27.1 to 38.6 cwt. per acre. Plots to which faeces had been allowed to return during the pasture phase outyielded (p<0.001) those from which it was withheld. Urine was relatively ineffective except in combination with nitrogen. In the absence of animal returns, nitrogenous fertilizer depressed grain and straw yields. A top‐dressing of K applied to the wheat in spring as a sub‐treatment had no significant effect. The percentages of N and K in the grain were unaffected by the former pasture treatments, or by the K top‐dressing.A subsidiary small‐plot experiment in which the above pasture treatments had been combined with P and K, each at two levels, was cropped with marrow‐stem kale. In general, N applied to the pasture increased kale yields except where dung and urine had been withheld. Neither P nor K had a significant effect, except when combined. The leaf/stem ratio of the kale was reduced by applied N and by P (both p<0.05).The pasture/arable‐crop relationship

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Messrs. A. W. Montgomerie and Sons of Lessnessock, Ayrshire, manage their grassland so as to encourage full development of white clover. The method is an adaptation of the system followed in New Zealand. The results are that production in terms of stock output is high, reaching a utilised starch equivalent of 23 cwt. per acre.

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A series of six trials with eight strains of perennial ryegrass at two levels of manuring has now been completed. Results indicate that a moderate application of artificial manures gives a high degree of control overGloeotinia temulentainfection. The degree of infection may be influenced by climatic conditions. Each strain has a definite inherent susceptibility or resistance to the disease. The most resistant strains are the commercial strains Irish Commercial and Devon Eaver; S24 is the most susceptible, followed by New Zealand Certified Mother Seed.

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Four strains ofPhleum pratense L., and one strain ofLolium perenne L., all of foreign origin, are classified by comparison with established strains on the basis of their performance in a spaced‐plant trial in Scotland in 195

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Review in this article:GRASSLAND RESEARCH INSTITUTE. Experiments in Progress, No. 10. Annual report for 1956–7. Hurley, Berk

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY