摘要:

It seems to me that during the next 20 years:(a)grass as a feed will increasingly over‐shadow grass as a break in tillage cropping or as a fertility builder(b)the current rapid progress in biochemistry, plant physiology, radiation biology and the physical sciences may revolutionise our knowledge of applied ecology and genetics(c)as a result of such research, scientific principles will replace much of the present patchwork of empirical husbandry knowledge(d)these developments, plus forthcoming changes in labour costs and in grazing, harvesting and conservation techniques will call for a drastic re‐appraisal of much of our current thinking and practice in sward establishment and management; this will involve more applied ecological research(e)the scientist's laboratory and the engineer's workshop will become more important in grassland research whilst husbandry experiments will increasingly depend on scientific instrumentat

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00128.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Aberystwyth district experienced exceptionally cold winter weather in 1954, 1955 and 1956, especially during the period from the end of January to early March. Its effect on the grasses, both in the single‐plant nurseries and in the agronomic experimental areas, is briefly described.It was observed that plants which entered the winter carrying a bulk of herbage in a winter‐proud condition were at a disadvantage compared with those which had been reasonably grazed or cut back during the autumn. The younger plants were found to be better able than the older ones to withstand extreme conditions.Suggestions are made as to how some simple‐mixture swards can be managed so as to be reasonably likely to provide keepin situduring the difficult months December to April. The species under consideration are cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), timothy (Phleum pratenseandP. nodosum), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perernne) and Italian ryegrass (L. ital

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00129.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A small‐plot trial comparing perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot, timothy and meadow fescue sown broadcast and also in 21 inch rows was conducted at Auchincruive from 1954 to 1957. The cutting treatments were arranged so that measurement could be made of both summer and winter production.Of the four species, cocksfoot was the most suitable for foggage production. Perennial ryegrass suffered severely from winter killing. Timothy and meadow fescue, although persistent, did not yield as much as cocksfoot.Total dry‐matter production over three years was higher from the cocksfoot rows than from the broadcast stand. For ryegrass and meadow fescue, broadcasting gave higher yields than row sowing while timothy showed no significant difference between sowing methods.During the winter, all species showed a loss of dry matter. Losses for ryegrass, cocksfoot, timothy and meadow fescue were respectively 34%, 17%, 18% and 24%. Broadcast stands averaged 11% greater loss than the r

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00130.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the results from a previously reported uniformity trial on pasture evaluation, there appeared to be systematic areal changes in the crude fibre and crude protein percentages of the herbage. These trends have been illustrated by the calculation of quadratic contours and the possible relationships of the changes to local soil differences, moisture percentages and copse shelter effects have been investigated.

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00131.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Results are presented for the final two years of a previously described experiment.The return of dung and urine by sheep to a ryegrass/white‐clover ley was controlled by suitable harnesses to give four treatments (no dung or urine, dung, urine, dung and urine) which were combined in a replicated factorial design with four levels of nitrogenous fertilizer application (0, 52, 182, 312 1b. N per acre).Applied nitrogen and urine were the dominant factors affecting botanical composition. The percentage of ryegrass increased and that of clover decreased with the progressive increases in nitrogen application. Volunteer species (mainlyPoaspp.) contributed up to 20 per cent by the final year, the maximum occurring under the medium‐high nitrogen treatment.Urine restricted the incursion of weed grasses.Combined with urine or the full return of excreta, high levels of applied nitrogen increased herbage production by up to 120 per cent. There was little response to dung except at the highest nitrogen level.The yield response to applied nitrogen was almost linear. In the absence of animal returns response was poor, partly due to shortage of potash. When both excreta were withheld the light nitrogen dressing depressed the annual production compared with the control; where both excreta were returned together with this dressing no reduction occurred in annual yield and the spring yield was improved (p<0.

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00132.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An experiment to measure the effects of three soil‐moisture deficits and four nitrogen treatments on the yield, utilisation and botanical composition of a four‐years‐old riverside meadow at the University Farm, Sonning, Berkshire, during the grazing seasons of 1955 and 1956 is described.In both years the yield increased with increasing applications of nitrogen and decreased with increasing soil‐moisture deficit. The utilisation of the herbage, by young stock (15 to 18 months old), was significantly better with irrigation. Irrigation improved the botanical composition of the sward: the clover percentage increased on the irrigated plots but nitrogen produced some depression, the depression increasing with increasing soil moisture deficit; meadow fescue increased and thePoaspp. decreased with progressively greater applications of nitrogen, while on the non‐irrigated plots the sward deteriorated still further, with an ingression ofAgrostisand

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Results are given of analyses made over a three‐year period, 1955–57, on swards produced from a standard seeds mixture sown under a wide range of ecological conditions. The results are related lo available moisture on the different soils in the areas exami

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00136.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Review in this article:BRENCHLEY, Winifred E. The Park Grass Plots at Rothamsted 1856–1949. Revised by Katherine Waringt

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00137.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY