ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to compare the static and dynamic balance, motor abilities, and postrotatory nystagmus (PRNT) test results of four- to five-year-old children with sensorineural hearing impairment (SNHI) to those of typically developing peers. Seven children with SNHI and six typically developing peers comprised the experimental and control groups, respectively. Static balance was measured as duration of single-leg stance with eyes open and eyes closed. Kinematic analysis of responses during tilt board perturbation with eyes open and eyes closed comprised testing of dynamic balance. Motor abilities were defined by performance on the Learning Accomplishment Profile Gross Motor Subscale. The data indicate that a majority of children with SNHI present with aberrant PRNT results, delayed maturation of equilibrium reactions, and age-appropriate performance in a general developmental screening test. Implications for clinicians working with preschool-aged children with SNHI are discussed, as are directions for future research.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The need for assessments that account for the varying contexts of children's motor behavior is presented. At this time many assessments are based on hierarchical theories of motor development. Distributed control models of development are more capable of accounting for environmental contexts. The concept of an affordance provides a link between the child and the environment. An ideal model of an assessment is presented that accounts for day to day variation in children's behavior. A taxonomy of tasks and skill acquisition is presented in conjunction with goal attainment scaling as a method of documenting and planning for a child's developmental progression. Environmental mapping is included as a tool for analysis of intervention plans.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pediatric physical therapists demonstrate psychosocial sensitivity when they recognize and respond to the emotional and social needs of children during clinical practice. This report describes and illustrates how experienced and novice pediatrie clinicians apply psychosocial sensitivity while working with children with diplegia. Three experienced and three novice pediatrie physical therapists were videotaped during 48 physical therapy sessions with 18 children with diplegic cerebral palsy. These videotapes were used to elicit retrospective think-aloud dialogues, which were transcribed, coded, and analyzed to identify and describe the characteristics of psychosocial sensitivity. Treatment videotapes were also analyzed to illustrate how treatment activities of one experienced clinician applied psychosocial sensitivity with one child representing four months of weekly treatment. The three experienced clinicians verbalized psychosocial sensitivity about every two minutes whereas the three novices verbalized these characteristics about every three minutes. Experienced clinicians verbalized positive psychosocial sensitivity twice as often as the novices. Four attributes of psychosocial sensitivity were found to shape the social interaction between the children and their therapists. These four attributes of psychosocial sensitivity have been illustrated using eight treatment activities over four months of treatment. These activities accounted for 77% of the total treatment time for one child treated by an experienced clinician. Applying these attributes may enable pediatrie physical therapists to demonstrate positive psychosocial sensitivity during long-term interventions often required for children with cerebral palsy.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The pervasive problem of cocaine addiction among pregnant and postpartum women continues. This group of women currently represents 24% of those who deliver their babies at the Medical College of Pennsylvania, the site of data collection for this study. The potential deleterious effect of this exposure remains largely unknown. To date much of the research has addressed the term infant. This study examines at six months adjusted age, the developmental effects of in utero cocaine exposure on the infant born prematurely. A group of infants born prematurely and exposed to cocaine in utero (n = 9) were compared with a control group of infants born prematurely whose mothers did not use cocaine during their pregnancies (n = 17).The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS) and the Chandler Movement Assessment of Infants—Screening Tool (CMAI-ST) were administered to all infants at six-months adjusted age. The PDMS is a norm-referenced quantitative measure whereas the CMAI-ST is a criterion-referenced assessment that provides both quantitative and qualitative measures of motor development.The findings of this study demonstrate no significant differences on the Developmental Motor Quotient (DMQ) generated from the gross motor portion of the PDMS between infants born prematurely and exposed to cocaine and infants not exposed to cocaine. Additional analysis showed infants in the cocaine-exposed group had a mean DMQ score greater than one standard deviation below the PDMS mean of 100. Infants in the nonexposed group had a group DMQ mean less than one standard deviation below the mean. A significant difference in CMAI-ST total risk scores was demonstrated between the two groups, with infants exposed to cocaine exhibiting higher total risk scores. Significant differences were noted in the individual test areas of muscle tone, primitive reflexes, and volitional movement, with infants exposed to cocaine faring worse. Findings of this study suggest that infants who are exposed to cocaine in utero should be screened using both qualitative and standardized quantitative assessment tools as part of their routine pediatrie care, and they should also be monitored for developmental delay as appropriate. The importance of assessing motor development quantitatively and qualitatively has been demonstrated by this research.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID