ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PurposeThis article describes backpack use and incidence of back pain in children.MethodsA convenience sample of 345 children, grades five through eight, served as subjects. A written questionnaire was developed to gather information on demographics, leisure activity level, bag type, locker use, students’ perceptions of bag weight and comfort, and students’ reports of history of back pain. Scales were provided for students to weigh themselves with and without backpacks.ResultsYounger children carried proportionally greater backpack loads. Percentage of body weight by grade was as follows: fifth grade = 19%, sixth grade = 21%, seventh grade = 14%, and eighth grade = 15% body weight. Fifty-five percent of all subjects carried a load greater than 15% of their body weight, and one third of students reported a history of back pain. Percentage of body weight carried, however, was not significantly related to history of back pain.ConclusionConcerns raised by parents and professionals that children are carrying heavy loads are justified; however, the relationship between heavy carrying load and back pain needs further elucidation. Recommendations for physical therapy, backpack safety, and injury prevention are provided.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to document impairment, disability, and parent satisfaction outcomes for children with cerebral palsy who received botulinum toxin A (BtA) injections.MethodsSeven children, three to 11 years old, participated in this multiple single-subject AB design study. Impairment, disability, and satisfaction outcomes were documented using passive range of motion measurements, Modified Ashworth Scale scores, and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. These outcomes were measured every two weeks during the two-month baseline phase and the four-month intervention phase. Outcomes for each child were graphed and visually analyzed for changes in level, trend, and slope.ResultsAfter BtA injections, all children demonstrated an increase in passive range of motion and a decrease in spasticity in at least some of the injected muscles. Six of the seven children demonstrated improvements in disability and parent satisfaction outcomes.ConclusionsImprovement in a variety of outcomes may be observed after BtA injections in children with cerebral palsy and lower-extremity spasticity who are ambulatory.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to describe the performance of children whose mothers abused alcohol and drugs heavily during pregnancy, using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development Second Edition (BSID-II) at three years, and to examine the effects of study group, prenatal binge alcohol exposure, and prematurity on developmental outcome.MethodsChildren were born to mothers recruited from two large hospitals or through community referral. Hospital recruits were randomly assigned to either a three-year paraprofessional home visitation intervention program (n = 30) or a control group (n = 31). Community recruits were enrolled in the intervention program (n = 35).ResultsAmong all children the mean BSID-II Mental Developmental Index (MDI) was 84.4 (SD = 14.4) and mean Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) was 84.1 (SD = 16.9). Box plots of the MDI and PDI scores by study group, maternal prenatal binge alcohol status, and a binary indicator of prematurity suggested an effect of maternal binge drinking on MDI and PDI scores: children of mothers with a history of binge alcohol consumption have, on average, slightly lower scores. We saw no evidence of a systematic effect of the maternal intervention.ConclusionsDevelopmental performance of preschool children exposed to alcohol and drugs prenatally was, on average, substantially lower than expected for age regardless of study group. Although this home visitation intervention has been shown to be effective in helping mothers address a wide spectrum of needs, it is unlikely sufficient to overcome complex developmental risks of children exposed to alcohol and drugs prenatally. The effect of more comprehensive, multidimensional services specifically designed for the children should be investigated within this context.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID