ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PurposeOur understanding of the developmental profiles of infants with spina bifida (SB) is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine over four months the impact of the movement context on the spontaneously produced leg movements of infants with spina bifida (SB).MethodSix infants with lumbar or sacral SB and six infants who were developing typically were videotaped while they were supine and seated in two different infant seats.ResultsInfants with SB moved their legs less often than did the infants who are developing typically. Both groups produced the slowest, smallest leg movements when they were in a conventional infant seat, moved their legs with the greatest velocities when they were supine and in a specially designed infant seat, and with the greatest amplitudes when they were supine.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the leg movements of infants with SB emerge from the cooperative interactions of their intrinsic characteristics and their movement context.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PurposeImproved health care for pregnant women who are HIV+has minimized complications during delivery and resulted in a measurable cohort of children entering the health care system who are HIV+ with potential for motor disorders. This study was designed to determine how gross and fine motor skills were affected by HIV infection in children aged five years and younger using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, and to follow a subsample of these children for one and a half years to determine if their relative skill performances changed over time.MethodsA sample of 143 children who were HIV+ was evaluated using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales for their gross and fine motor skills. Their performance scores were compared with the Peabody normative values for age-matched healthy children. A subset of 22 children were reevaluated at six-month intervals (six months; one year;one year six months) to determine if their gross and fine motor skills would change. Raw scores and Peabody Developmental Motor Quotients (DMQ, normalized to the reference population) were calculated.ResultsThe children who were HIV+ as a group performed below the 50th percentile of the normal reference population. During the one year six month study period, the children who were HIV+improved in raw scores but did not improve in relative (DMQ) scores. The exceptions were the fine motor skill subcategories of “grasping” and “hand use,” for which the children who were HIV+performed comparably with the reference population.ConclusionsClinicians working with children who are HIV+ should emphasize intervention strategies generally designed to develop all gross motor skills and the specific fine motor skills of “eye-hand coordination” and “manual dexterity.”

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to describe functional self-care and mobility changes of children with musculoskeletal diagnoses during inpatient rehabilitation.MethodsA retrospective record review was completed for 50 children and youth aged three to 20 years admitted to inpatient rehabilitation after a traumatic musculoskeletal injury or after orthopedic surgery because of a preexisting musculoskeletal or neuromuscular disorder. Admission to discharge changes in summary scaled scores on the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory’s (PEDI) Functional Skills and Caregiver Assistance Self-Care and Mobility scales for the total group and two diagnostic subgroups were examined using pairedttests and effect-size coefficients. Independentttests were used to determine differences between change scores for the subgroups.ResultsMean PEDI Functional Skills Self-Care and Mobility scaled scores were significantly higher at discharge for the total group. For the subgroups, both Functional Skills and Caregiver Mobility scaled scores were significantly higher at discharge, but only the trauma group made a significant change in Self-Care, on the Caregiver Assistance scale. Effect-size coefficients ranged from 0.23 to 1.76. The trauma group demonstrated significantly greater changes than the postsurgical group on both scales in both domains.ConclusionsDuring inpatient rehabilitation, children with musculoskeletal diagnoses demonstrated significant functional improvements. Children with traumatic injuries made greater gains than children with preexisting conditions after orthopedic surgery. These results support the PEDI as a responsive measure of change during inpatient rehabilitation for children with musculoskeletal diagnoses.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PurposeThis study was designed to evaluate the use of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) to assess the balance abilities of children with cerebral palsy.MethodsThirty-six ambulatory children with cerebral palsy and 14 children with no motor impairment (ages eight to 12 years) were assessed on the BBS and the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Participants with cerebral palsy comprised three groups based on diagnosis (spastic hemiplegia, spastic diplegia who ambulated without aids, and spastic diplegia who ambulated with aids). A fourth group consisted of control subjects with no motor impairment. It was hypothesized that these four groups demonstrated a hierarchy of balance abilities. A one-way ANOVA was used to detect significant differences in test scores among the four groups. The analysis was repeated categorizing children on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) instead of diagnosis.ResultsThe ability to use scores on the GMFM was slightly better than using BBS scores to distinguish among the groups when children were classified using diagnosis. Significant pair-wise differences among the groups were present on both the BBS and the GMFM when the children were grouped on the GMFCS.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the BBS can be considered as a clinical measure of balance for children with cerebral palsy, and a functional classification system can be used to group children more homogeneously than traditional classification by diagnosis.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, number, and distribution of musculoskeletal injuries among young, recreational, female dancers before and after dancing in pointe shoes and to explore possible risk factors.MethodsThirty-one female, nonprofessional ballet dancers, eight to 20 years of age, were recruited from two dance studios in London, Ontario. Participants completed a descriptive questionnaire and reliable examiners performed stress, stability, and laxity tests.ResultsThe prevalence of instability for nonpointe and pointe groups was 0% and 8% for the knee and 17% and 3% for the ankle, respectively (a nonsignificant difference). The mean number of painful sites was 1.3 (SD = 1.9) and 2.9 (SD = 2.1) for nonpointe and pointe groups, respectively (p= 0.04). The only variable that, in part, predicted the number of painful sites was the number of years of having danced ballet.ConclusionsThe generalizability of these results is limited by the small sample size. Additional prospective research with larger samples, inclusion of dancers who are just beginning to dance in pointe shoes, and consideration of level of exposure and the intensity of both dancing and other physical activity is indicated before prevention programs can be planned and tested.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID