摘要:

This study summarizes various laws of foam formation, foam rheology, and foam drainage. It also discusses different forces—Laplace capillary suction, van der Waals interaction, electric double layer, and steric factor—acting in drainage of foams. In addition, recent work on phase equilibria and foam stability and the use of foam in fractionation and extraction processes is reviewed. Finally, it presents the possibility of using foam in gas cleaning and a theoretical model for gas cleaning by foam.

ISSN:0037-2366    

DOI:10.1080/00372367508058048

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study develops a continuous foam fractionation process for the separation of albumin from a dilute solution containing organic and inorganic materials. It also investigates various operating parameters such as pH, nitrogen flow rate, height of foam, height of solution, and feed position of an albumin solution. From the investigations the factors of a pH of 4.9, an N2rate of 10 1/hr, a feed rate of 1.8 1/hr, a solution-height of 8 cm, a foam height of 3 cm, and a feed into the solution are found optimal. A comparison of the distillation and extraction processes with foam fractionation is made on the basis of the experimental results obtained.

ISSN:0037-2366    

DOI:10.1080/00372367508058049

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effect of various additives—nonionic surfactants, sodium caprylate, glycerides, sugar, and salts of sodium, calcium, and aluminum—on the separation of albumin from dilute solutions has been investigated. The results show the importance of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance in the foam separation of albumin. This balance is influenced by the association conditions of surface-active substances with polymeric albumin. The liquid crystalline phase formed by surfactants and glycerides in association with protein is found to be most effective in the foam separation of albumin.

ISSN:0037-2366    

DOI:10.1080/00372367508058050

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An adiabatic fixed bed adsorber is modeled and simulated, and the effects of various parameters on its performance are investigated. The results of this study give an insight into the operating characteristics of the adsorption unit and should be useful in planning laboratory and field experiments and for interpreting the results of such experiments.

ISSN:0037-2366    

DOI:10.1080/00372367508058051

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The permeation of the permanent gases, He, O2, CO2, and N2, through liquid membranes was investigated by two experimental methods. The first procedure utilized the simultaneous counterdiffusion of two pure gases through an aqueous-surfactant bubble membrane according to the technique developed by Cook. In the second, the transfer rate of a single pure gas was measured by utilizing a spherical soap bubble. Comparison of the data obtained from the two different tests indicated that these gas-liquid systems behaved ideally. That is, there were no observed interactions for the binary mixtures which could not be predicted from the behavior of the pure components. Finally, nonaqueous, silicone oil membranes were investigated as potential separative barriers. These oil films yielded the same separation factors as previously reported for silicone rubber membranes used in the separation of binary gas mixtures.

ISSN:0037-2366    

DOI:10.1080/00372367508058052

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The use of a programmable solvent gradient attachment with a high-speed liquid chromatograph affords a rapid and precise method for evaluating the effects of a variety of solvent gradients on fractionation, a determination of the effect of flow rate on efficiency, and a ready procedure to establish conditions for producing approximately equal amounts of polymer in each fraction.

ISSN:0037-2366    

DOI:10.1080/00372367508058053

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Foam separation techniques for the removal of mercury ion were studied which employed a surfactant specifically designed to chelate with the ion. The chelating surfactant was 4-dodecyldiethylenetriamine. Mercury ion was found to be removed almost quantitatively from aqueous solution using this surfactant, even in the presence of a large concentration of other metallic ions. Formation constants and surface tensions of Cd and Hg ionic complexes with the surfactant were measured. Selectivity of the removal of Cd and Hg ions is discussed.

ISSN:0037-2366    

DOI:10.1080/00372367508058054

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The separation of zirconium and hafnium by the fractional precipitation method has been extended by coprecipitation of their pyrophosphates. In the presence of sulfate ion, fractional precipitation of zirconium-hafnium pyrophosphates from a solution in 4NHCI gives a good separation factor. Hafnium becomes concentrated in the precipitate. At a concentration of 0.7 to 0.8 g Zr/100 ml, optimum results were obtained with the addition of about 50 g ammonium sulfate/100 ml (Λ > 5). The separation factor falls sharply at higher concentrations of zirconium. Moreover, it has been found that when precipitation of the host is done above 45%, the separation factor shows a declining trend. It was, therefore, not possible to prepare reactor-grade zirconium in a single stage. After several trials it was possible to find nearly optimum conditions for the separation. Finally, reactor-grade zirconium was obtained in three stages of precipitation with an yield of ∼24%.

ISSN:0037-2366    

DOI:10.1080/00372367508058055

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The separation of liquid from solid is central to the disposal of some industrial effluents. This paper describes an exploratory investigation of self-weight filtration of phosphate slime produced during extraction of rock phosphate. It is found that many aspects of the process are quantitatively consistent with the theory of water movement in saturated swelling soils.

ISSN:0037-2366    

DOI:10.1080/00372367508058056

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An experimental study was conducted of the precipitate flotation of calcium sulfite, calcium carbonate, and of mixtures of both particulate species from suspensions of the order 0.1M, with application to particle separation from the purge stream from a SO2-limestone wet scrubber. The strongly acidic, anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (NaDBS) provided excellent flotation of both calcium sulfite and calcium carbonate at neutral pH. For concentrations of calcium sulfite plus calcium carbonate of 3.7, 7.8, and 12.0 ± 10-2M, 95% flotation of precipitated sulfite and 97% flotation of carbonate can be accomplished at molar surfactant to sulfite plus carbonate ratios of 0.0035, 0.0023, and 0.0015, respectively.

ISSN:0037-2366    

DOI:10.1080/00372367508058057

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor