ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1983.tb00594.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Changes, over time, in the task of social psychology are evaluated in the light of Van Leent's detailed study concerning the relationship between sociology and psychology. He distinguished between a number of different levels of analysis withineachdiscipline. This leads to horizontal specialisms within both camps. He also identified a limited number of subdisciplines involving the vertical integration of phenomena from more than one level. It is argued that the problem with social psychology is that it is neither a horizontal specialism nor a vertical subdiscipline. In some ways the task of integrating the two parent disciplines is easier than it was at the end of the 19th century and in some ways it is more difficult. This is due to a number of largely uncorrelated and uncoordinated changes in the parent discipline themselves which are identified and discussed in the course of the paper. It is argued that the shift of interest in the evolution of sociology has been from the macro‐ to the micro‐level whilst in psychology the shift has generally been in the opposite direction.This article is dedicated to J. Van Le

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1983.tb00595.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Some of the inadequacies and inaccuracies in the historical accounts of Wundt's life and work which are currently available in English are identified and discussed. The reasons which led Wundt to separate his social from his experimental psychology are examined in some detail and the nature and significance of hisVölkerpsychologie(1900–1920) is briefly reviewed. Attention is drawn to Wundt's influence on the development of social sciences other than psychology with special reference being made to his influence on Durkheim and to the nature of the relationship between hisVölkerpsychologieand the social psychology of G. H. M

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1983.tb00596.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The origins of Wundt's conceptions can be traced to some early notions of J. G. Herder and, more immediately, to the project of aVölkerpsychologiedeveloped by Lazarus and Steinthal around 1860. Wundt criticized the Herbartian basis of the latter and proceeded to work out an alternative conception of psychology in its social aspects. The basis of this conception was provided by his analysis of human action and the theory of gestural communication to which this led. Cultural products were seen as presupposing a collective subject and as acting back on the psychology of the individual. Although Wundt's conceptions had serious limitations some aspects of his thought about the relationship of individual and culture provide perspectives that are of continuing interest

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1983.tb00597.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The origin is traced, in the period 1770–1830, of the social psychology of language in the works of Herder, Humboldt and Hegel. For these German expressivists, language was an inherently social phenomenon. Their social and developmental approach to the study of language and thought stands in sharp contrast to the Cartesian paradigm which pervades most contemporary research in psycholinguistics. German expressivists initiated the study of language as a means of interpersonal interaction; conceived of reflexion, consciousness and self‐consciousness as genuinely social phenomena; introduced the idea of meaning potentialities in words; and coined the term ‘empathy’. Whilst this tradition survives, e.g. in the social psychology of G. H. Mead, its origins in the work of the German expressivists is not always explicitly ackno

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1983.tb00598.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this essay I examine critically the transformation that has occurred in the accounts or models of the nature of introspection in psychology and philosophy from the heyday of introspectionism 100 years ago, via behaviourism to contemporary reductive or eliminative materialism, with a few indications of how this is already being transformed into functional physicalism. Introspection is still with us, not only in the sense that, as it has been suggested recently, ‘in our culture, we take it for granted that each of us knows his own mind directly and can describe its operations' (Hebb, 1969, p. 55) but also because, no matter how uneasy psychologists and philosophers may be from time to time about its mention, they cannot do without it in their professional wor

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1983.tb00599.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For the reconstruction of the past eyewitnesses are as important as they are suspect. What happened, what one thought and felt more than half a century ago, is, in part, irrevocably lost; what remains alive in memory are kaleidoscopic, discontinuous and egocentric images. What really happened appeared differently to different participants even then; all the more so now. Going beyond the images to a coherent presentation requires a contemporary reconstruction, inevitably influenced by intervening events, by the well‐known vicissitudes of long‐term memory (selectivity, importation, distortion and repression), and by the purpose of a presentation. My aim here is to describe the atmosphere of those long‐ago years as faithfully as I can. Two other accounts of the emergence of an empirically based social science in Vienna had somewhat different intentions. Paul Lazarsfeld (1968), the dominant mind in this development, and Hans Zeisel (1968) have recalled these early beginnings in relation to their own subsequent work and achievements. The following remarks are complementary to theirs. Since they take off from memory images, they will inevitably be less systematic and more personal than theirs, though there are, of course, considerable overlaps as well as some differences in interpret

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1983.tb00600.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper is devoted to the idea that Heider's concept of cognitive balance plays a much more integrative role in the history of ideas than is sometimes believed. It brings together many and diverse lines of thought, including not only the theories of sentiments and interpersonal relations, but also the analysis of the emotions, conflict theory, personality development and even the association principle. We attempt to trace some of these threads for part of their length, treating the endeavour less as an exercise in interpersonal influence among philosophers and psychologists, more as a study in the development of the ideas as such. The paper is dedicated to Fritz and Grace Heider, in affectionate recollection of a year at Kansas University, in which my family and I enjoyed the pleasure of their company, the benefit of their counsel and the privilege of their friendship.

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1983.tb00601.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The development of psychology in China from 1917 is described with special reference to the political constraints on accepting social psychology after the Liberation in 1949, but particularly during the Cultural Revolution. Throughout this period Western social psychology was criticized for its bourgeois orientation and insensitivity to a class analysis. Since 1980, however, social psychology has been acknowledged, with a role for analysis and training in management and in education.

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1983.tb00602.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY