ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1982.tb00539.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1982.tb00540.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This research sought to investigate the validity of Rokeach's two‐dimensional model of political ideology. In two separate studies, samples of Australian adults and university students were asked to complete the Social Values Inventory, a newly derived instrument designed to provide a more detailed coverage of the political ideology domain. Factor analyses of each set of data revealed a basic two‐dimensional structure defined asinternational harmony and equalityandnational strength and order.While this solution only partially supported Rokeach's model, it did bear some resemblance to a typology identified by Scott (1960). The implications of these findings for Rokeach's model are discussed, as are strategies for resolving the present lack of concordance between these conceptual schem

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1982.tb00541.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Personal efficacy beliefs are proposed to consist of several interrelated cognitive variables which all influence actual behaviour. A conceptual map is presented in order to clarify the relationship of perceived personal efficacy to behaviour. The main components of the conceptual map are self‐efficacy expectations, behavioural efficacy expectations, outcome values, behavioural intentions, and outcome attributions. Self‐efficacy theory, the construct of locus of control, learned helplessness theory, behavioural intention theory, and attribution theory are described within the framework of the conceptual map in order to distinguish the roles of these theories in perceived personal efficacy. Research findings which integrate components of the model are discus

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1982.tb00542.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined the effects of pre‐experience and model consequences on children's feelings of uncertainty, imitative performance, and recall. Subjects received positive, negative, or no feedback for their selections on a commodity selection task prior to observing an adult model receive vicarious reward, vicarious punishment, or no consequences for his selections. Subjects given negative pre‐experience expressed more uncertainty and imitated more than did subjects given positive pre‐experiences. Vicarious punishment decreased imitation relative to vicarious reward and no model consequences. No effects on recall for either manipulation were found. These findings generally support a theory of response uncertainty as a mediator of imit

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1982.tb00543.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Many studies have investigated the relationship of Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning to criminal behaviour, the consensual finding being that known delinquents tend to use less advanced forms of moral reasoning than control subjects. An assumption common to the majority of these studies is that moral stage relates equivalently to all forms of criminal behaviour. It is argued that this assumption is incompatible with cognitive‐developmental theory as elaborated by Kohlberg since the theory implies that developmentally primitive moralities will be associated with delinquent behaviour only to the extent that the behaviour in question is differently evaluated at the different moral stages. On this basis it is hypothesized that preconventional moral reasoning will be associated only with crimes in which the offenders believe they have a good chance of evading punishment. In support of this hypothesis prisoners whose current offence is of this type are shown to use more preconventional moral judgement than either other offenders or non‐offenders. Various possible alternative explanations of this finding are discus

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1982.tb00544.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Following analyses of public survey data in the United States, Gerbner and his associates found that people who watch a great deal of television are more likely to show social anxiety and mistrust of others than are less frequent viewers. On this evidence they argued that television cultivates fearfulness and alienation. However, previous research on related social beliefs indicated that they may be a function of deep‐seated personality dispositions of individuals associated with more general social conditions — one such factor being Rotter's internal‐external control dimension. As other writers have shown (a) that social anxiety and anomie vary among different social groups and (b) that controls for demographic factors often significantly weaken relationships between viewing behaviour and social opinion, it is possible that both extent of viewing and fearfulness/mistrust are a function of some third variable — perhaps an underlying personality characteristic. To test this, data were collected from a British sample of over 300 individuals in the London ITV region on television viewing habits, fearfulness and anomie, and locus of control. Results showed that whilst fear of being a victim of crime correlated significantly with television viewing initially, this relationship disappeared when the influence of internal‐external control was partialled out. It was concluded that belief items used by Gerbner may be less robustly related to viewing behaviour than the factor measured by locus‐of‐control items and may offer a powerful alternative explanation for the relationship between television viewing and paranoid socia

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1982.tb00545.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sex differences in various aspects of sociopolitical ideology were studied with a sample of 783 Swedish high school students (median age = 18 years) from metropolitan Stockholm by use of the S6 Conservatism Scale. Males and females were compared with respect to six ideological dimensions: (1) general conservatism, (2) political‐economic conservatism, (3) religion, (4) punitiveness, (5) social inequality and (6) racism. The results revealed statistically significant differences on all six dimensions showing females to be less generally conservative, less ‘capitalist’ oriented, less punitive, more egalitarian and less racist than males. However, in line with previous findings, females were found to be more religious than males. Furthermore, the results showed females to be more ideologically homogeneous than males. Despite these differences the attitude profiles and attitude structures were quite similar for both sexes. There were no significant sex by social class interactions with respect to the sociopolitical attitude dimensions. In line with previous findings, females were found to be somewhat less interested in politics than

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1982.tb00546.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1982.tb00547.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1982.tb00548.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY