ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1986.tb00719.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Exploring relationships between individual psychology and social structure is taken to be the critical task of social psychology. Two alternate strategies for accomplishing this task are identified. Theinterdisciplinarystrategy, embodied in the interpretive sociologies, develops a unified body of research and theory concerned with interaction, a phenomenon that exists at the intersection of psychology and sociology, and forms a bridge between them. Thecross‐disciplinarystrategy examines relationships between psychological and social‐structural variables.A review of relevant literature embodying each of these strategies suggests that the limits and liabilities of each are partially checked and remedied by the advantages and strengths of the other. The interdisciplinary strategy has the advantage of theoretical coherence, but as currently practised it tends to underemphasize social‐structural issues. The cross‐disciplinary strategy gives social structure its due but often ignores mediational processes and suffers from theoretical as well as professional fragmentation. A social psychology containing interdisciplinaryandcross‐disciplinary enterprises, both operating in concert with ‘psychological social psychology’, can provide the strongest base for understanding the mutual dependence of individual psychology and soc

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1986.tb00720.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1986.tb00721.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1986.tb00722.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1986.tb00723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Currently there is a need for an account of the socio‐psychological or socio‐historical processes which produce not just single individuals but ‘collective individualities’ or ‘social identities’. This paper explores Vico's contribution to the solution of this problem. His account of such socio‐historical processes is unique in suggesting that socio‐historical processes develop neither by chance nor by necessity, butprovidentially, i.e. by the ‘organized settings’ people construct in their own past activities, providing a set of enabling constraints for their current activities. Thus social processes are based, he claims, not upon anything pre‐established either in people or their surroundings, but in socially sharedidentities of feelingthey themselves create in the flow of activity between them. These identities he calls ‘sensory topics’—‘topics’ (Greektopos= ‘place’) because they give rise to ‘commonplaces’, i.e. to shared moments in a flow of social activity which afford common reference, and ‘sensory’ because they are moments in which sharedfeelingsfor already shared circumstances are created. These, he claims, constitute the prelinguistic origins of a social order, the paradigms or prototypes from which more organized, conceptual forms of communication may be derived. His account of socio‐historical processes has implications for how we, as social psychologists, (1) should ‘place’ or situate ourselves in relation to those we study in our investigations, (2) for how we might formulate our topics of study, and (3) for the form in which we

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1986.tb00724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1986.tb00725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1986.tb00726.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1986.tb00727.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Common‐sense meanings of the ‘individual’ and the ‘social’ are examined emphasizing the fallacy of viewing them as denoting separate entities given in nature. The concept of social representations is used to explain the construction of these categories in terms of the particular systems of values, ideas and practices of different societies. The concept of social identity marks the individual‐social interface interpreted as the construction of individuals in relation to the social representations of significant groups in their society.The earliest constructions of a social identity are traced in the domain of gender because this is a ubiquitous feature of social life, involving the differentiation of only two groups; they are obligatory and use physical differences to provide the signifiers in a semiotic system of social representations. Empirical evidence is reviewed showing that the development of a social gender identity is a complex process and involves many aspects of children's activity slowly coming to be regulated by the particular social representation of gender dominant in th

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1986.tb00728.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY