摘要:

Scores on the scales and subscales of the Eysenck Personality Inventory were obtained from a sample of 1421 undergraduate students. The students were also asked to indicate their willingness, in principle, to participate in further research. The scale scores obtained do not depart greatly from those norms given by Eysenck for American college students. Females are somewhat more likely to volunteer than males, and, generally, extraverts are more likely to volunteer than introverts. However, a logistic regression analysis showed that Neuroticism‐Stability interacts with Extraversion‐Introversion to increase or decrease the probability of volunteering. The results may have important implications for research findings based on data collected from volunteer subje

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00769.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Same‐sex groups were confronted with mathematically equivalent social dilemma games, framed as take‐some or give‐some games. For choice behaviour no difference between take‐some and give‐some games was observed. However, in take‐some games subjects were more inclined to relinquish decision‐making authority to a leader than in give‐some games. Some rival interpretations of these d

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00770.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of the experiment reported here was to examine the impact of necessary and sufficient causal conditions on assignment of blame for a negative outcome. In addition, the influence of inferential goals on the relative impact of necessity and sufficiency was investigated. Subjects read written scenarios in which the pattern of covariation between a target's behaviour and a negative outcome was systematically varied. The results indicate that subjects were able to integrate the covariation data to infer the nature of the causal condition, and utilize this information to infer the extent to which the target was the cause of, and deserving of blame for, a specific negative outcome. There were no effects due to the inferential goal factor. Implications for understanding the impact of necessary and sufficient conditions are discussed.

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00771.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

‘Because …’ statements in 40 unobtrusively recorded conversations between middle‐class speakers were examined. Other people's single actions ‐ attribution theory's paradigm case for explanation ‐ were not frequently brought up for explanation. Events speakers brought up for explanation were, in order of frequency: general states of the world, events involving speakers or their groups, and lastly events involving other people. Implications for attribution theory and for the study of ordinary explanations ar

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00772.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study was designed to investigate the dimensionality of positive emotions and was run in two parts. In part 1, subjects were given a set of 24 different life‐situations all of which commonly give rise to positive emotions. They sorted the 24 situations into groups on the basis of whether or not they produced similar emotional responses. In part 2 of the study subjects rated each of the 24 situations on 13 emotion scales.The grouping data obtained in part 1 were submitted to multidimensional scaling (MDS) and returned a four‐dimensional solution. Canonical correlations between the four MDS dimensions and the 13 emotion scales revealed that dimension 1 is best explained by ‘absorption’, dimension 2 by ‘potency’, dimension 3 by ‘altruistic’ and dimension 4 by ‘spiritual’. These correlations were then married to an interpretation of the situations falling high and low on each of the four dimensions, with the following results. Dimension 1 distinguishes internal or private situations from social situations, dimension 2, achievement from leisure situations, dimension 3, social demands from self‐indulgence, and dimension 4, serious from trivial situations. The implications of these findings for the study of

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00773.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Relative deprivation (RD) theory states that the perception of the relative positions of one's group and an out‐group in terms of status and privilege is psychologically important. RD theory predictions for members of oppressed groups include increased endorsement of militant acts, decreased feelings of control and life‐satisfaction as a function of perceived relative deprivation and perceived discrimination. In the present study, these predictions were tested with 74 members of Toronto's gay male and lesbian community. RD measures encompassed the cognitive‐affective (i.e. concerned with knowledge vs. feelings about the deprivation) and egoistical‐fraternal (i.e. concerned with the status of the individual vs. the in‐group) dimensions, with a measure of concrete fraternal discrimination (CFD) also included for comparison. The results indicated that CFD was the best predictor of increased militancy, decreased control and decreased satisfaction. Implications for RD theory are

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00774.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Past research and theory on territorial dominance and resident advantage (RA) explains the resident's dominance over an outsider as arising from the place in which the interaction occurs (the host's turf). The present study evaluates the relative explanatory value of social role factors vs. that of place in accounting for RA. Fifty‐eight subjects answered questionnaires simulating four interactions, host with guest (HG), host with host (HH), guest with host (GH) and guest with guest (GG). Interactions involving reciprocal roles (GH and HG) were taken to indicate the contribution of roleandplace, while the other interactions (HH and GG) indicate the effect of place alone. Subtracting the effect of place from that of roleandplace reveals the contribution of social role. The data showed social role factors to have greater impact than did place. Social role analysis also helps understand moderating variables such as familiarity‐unfamiliarity and agreement‐disagreement between the interac

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00775.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although imagery and concreteness ratings are very highly correlated, there are some words which are notably higher in imagery than concreteness and vice versa. Data are presented showing that the former elicit greater emotional reactions and emerge earlier in the history of the language than do the latter. It is argued that these words illustrate a historical process whereby concepts have increasingly referred to exteroceptive rather than interoceptive experience.

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00776.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Gustav Ichheiser (1897–1969) was a social psychologist in the Austrian phenomenological tradition. He wrote extensively on person perception, social attribution, occupational psychology, ethnic relations and political psychology, always with an eye towards the illusions and misunderstandings inherent in social relations. His personal life and professional career were disrupted in Europe by the rise of Fascism and were impeded in the United States by unemployment, poverty and confinement in a state mental hospital. However, throughout all of these difficulties, he continued to publish his critical observations and analyses of social life. His writings, whether in German, Polish or English, are stylistically and conceptually rich and are remarkably current. His ideas have been used by Allport, Goffman, Heider, Nisbett, Ross and others. This report presents the biographical and bibliographical background necessary for a reappraisal of his wor

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00777.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00778.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY