摘要:

Summary.Separate attitude inventories for fathers and mothers relating to the upbringing of children, were used in a survey concerning 411 primary school boys representative of an urban, working‐class area. Analysis of responses produced scales of authoritarianism for both fathers and mothers, and a scale of under‐concern for mothers. Scores on these scales were found to be slightly related to bad behaviour in school and later delinquency on the part of the boys. The rate of parental response was rather poor, and it was shown to be significantly related to social handicap and educational and occupational status. Absence of completed inventories was found to be as much related to bad conduct and delinquency as were the attitude scales. The investigation explores the practicability of studying parental attitudes and relating them to objective criteria concerning child

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1968.tb02015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A group of 50 backward readers aged 9 to 10 years were selected from a total age group of 697 pupils in 16 primary schools of a small local education authority. A battery of tests was given to this group and to a control group of 50 pupils of normal reading ability. The test scores were intercorrelated, separately for the two groups, and in each case a Principal Components Analysis was carried out with rotation to a varimax criterion. The factor patterns of the two groups were different. In the backward readers, but not in the normal readers, reading age was clearly linked with test performance, which seems to depend upon the integrity of central processes. Moreover, the study throws some light on the previous literature describing the results of single tests given to backward readers and matched groups of normal readers, which tends to be inconclusive.

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1968.tb02016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Luria maintains that one of the roles of speech in human development is to regulate behaviour, and that in the course of development this function passes through certain sequential stages that may be identified. The present investigation replicates Luria's study and is further concerned with the relationship between psycholinguistic abilities as measured by the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities and the regulation of behaviour. The results show that Australian children pass through similar stages to Russian children in the development of the regulatory role of speech. In addition, these stages are more closely related to psycholinguistic development as measured by the 1TPA, than to chronological age as Luria suggests.

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1968.tb02017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The aims of the investigation were (1) to establish the extent to which Vigotsky's model of concept formation applied to English primary school children; (2) to examine the relationships between age, verbal ability, non‐verbal ability and levels of thinking; and (3) to examine the relationship between level of thinking and performance in tests of transfer. 60 primary school children aged 6 years to 11 years were given the Vigotsky sorting task and specially constructed tests of extension (or transfer). It was found that the Vigotsky model was appropriate although the subjects showed little evidence of thinking at the lowest level. Verbal ability was associated more closely with conceptual thinking than the other measures. Performance on tests of transfer was highly correlated with level of thinking in the concept forming situatio

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1968.tb02018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.As part of a research into subject choice in Scottish senior secondary schools, 1,100 pupils were required to rate 15 careers on 6 criteria and to write essays about their future careers. Boys and girls agreed quite closely on, for example, the usefulness and prestige of the careers, but differed markedly about liking and interest. Boys put ‘engineer’ highest on ‘liking,’ but much lower on ‘salary’ and prestige; girls put ‘teacher’ (of non‐science subjects) highest on ‘liking,’ but much lower on salary and prestige. Similar results emerged from a

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1968.tb02019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.It has been suggested that if salaries paid to teachers were competitive with those offered by industry, the present shortage of certain categories of teachers, such as teachers of science and of handicraft and infant teachers, would not exist. There is evidence from young people considering the choice of a career that the financial status of a teacher is only one factor deterring them from training to teach. Other factors which seem to deter both boys and girls, such as their fear of undisciplined classes and monotonous work are discussed. Ways in which adolescents and their parents may become better informed regarding the life of a teacher and teacher education are suggested.

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1968.tb02020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The aim of this study was to examine the influence of two variables: rate of physical maturation and family size on the intelligence and attainments of girls between the ages of 11 1/2 and 15 1/2 attending schools in the West Riding of Yorkshire. Differences in performance on Test AH4 and attainment in English and Mathematics were shown to exist between groups classified according to age at puberty but most differences were not statistically significant and could be accounted for by the fact that early maturing girls came from smaller families than late maturing girls. Correlations were calculated between the educational measures and four social and developmental variables and the results submitted to factor analysis. Two factors were identified: a social‐educational factor and a developmental factor. Family size contributed to both factors but contributed more to the educational variance than did age at puberty. It is suggested that rate of physical maturation and family size are related and act jointly to produce the effects formerly attributed to age at puberty alon

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1968.tb02021.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.This paper reports a study of the relations between anxiety and educational achievement in 310 11‐year‐old junior school pupils (170 boys, 140 girls). The instruments used were the Frost Self Description Questionnaire (which includes seven anxiety scales and a Denial scale), the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory, Progressive Matrices, Crichton Vocabulary and three NFER tests of reading and arithmetic. Product‐moment, additive multiple regression and Principal Components (with Varimax rotation) analyses are reported. The results demonstrate (a) a complex inter‐relationship of types of anxiety, types of achievement and sex of subject; (b) that no separate ‘general’ and ‘school’ anxiety factors emerge; (c) the necessity of using a ‘denial’ scale, and (d) absence of correlation between Eysenck's Neuroticism Scale and school achievement. A theoretical discussion of ‘General Emotionality’ and anxiety led to the conclusion that anxiety questionnaires are likely to measure (1) the likelihood of being threatened by the external world, and (2) a specific way of

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1968.tb02022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The research investigated (a) pupils' expected marks for a piece of work and their relationship to the actual mark for that work and (b) the effects of discrepancies between expected marks and teacher's marks. In classroom tests of normal classwork, it was found that actual marks tended to be less than expected marks, especially when actual mark was low. Discrepancies between pupils' expectations and teacher's mark were found to have nosinglemotivational effect. However, there was a relationship between effectiveness of discrepancies and actual mark; the treatment of giving less marks than a pupil expected showed a slight tendency to be more effective than the opposite treatment when actual (objective) mark was high, but less effective when it was low. Thus it appears that the most usual treatment differed from the most effective treatment.

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1968.tb02023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.TheTeacher Operational Problems‐Identificationis a self‐administering check‐list of 445 problems faced by teachers in eight main areas of their work: persons in authority, peers and staff, the community, students and discipline, working conditions, methods and curriculum, personal and social, and professional role. The instrument is intended to help teachers identify and confront their problems as a first step towards solving them, and can be used in the counselling of teachers, in‐service education and research. The list of problems was validated by 500 secondary classroom teachers, each item requiring a minimum of five responses for inclusion. The coefficient of reliability based on a retest of 25 teachers was ·96. Suggestions are made for further research and the development

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1968.tb02024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY