摘要:

Summary.Information was collected from Teachers' College students in Australia and England about gangs to which they had belonged during their pre‐adolescence. Of all students asked, about 90 per cent, of the men and almost 40 per cent, of the women had belonged to at least one such gang.In this way data about 326 boys' and 54 girls' gangs were collected and analysed. These data revealed that all boys' gangs were at times occupied in some form of socially unacceptable (‘delinquent’) behaviour.In discussing these facts, it is argued that belonging to such a gang is not necessarily an indication of future delinquent behaviour. On the contrary, gang membership can be an important bridge between the kinship‐based status conferred on the child by the family and the achievement‐based status conferred by society

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1958.tb01449.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Borstal lads have a significantly higher Q score on the Porteus Maze Test than controls. A high Q score is related to intellectual dullness and also to difference in verbal and performance intelligence. Socially, it is associated with truancy and being one of a large family, and, to some extent, with having a worse prognosis as a delinquent. Although the Q score tends to fall during Borstal training, it is not significantly associated with absconding or repeated punishment. The Q score showed little relationship with any of the scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, except the manic scale; but is associated with muscular physique.

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1958.tb01450.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A study of 137 truants charged at Court, and a comparison between forty representative truants and a group of non‐truant children, revealed that adverse home circumstances and a lack of satisfaction in home or school are probably the most important conditions of truanc

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1958.tb01451.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1.—A short summary is given of the literature relating to social class differences in attitudes to sex and aggression and to the influence of social mobility on working class attitudes.2.—The sample and the methods of investigation are described.3.—The results are discussed. They show significant social class differences regarding suppression of hetero‐sexual interest but no differences regarding suppression of aggression, and indicate that neither intelligence nor social mobility affect the attitudes under consideration. They also seem to show that the young adolescent boys, who formed the sample of this investigation, like girls in theory rather than in practice, and react to frustration inwardly in their thoughts and feelings rather than in overt be

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1958.tb01452.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.This report deals with a preliminary investigation of the questionnaire behaviour of children at the six‐to‐eight‐year level. A factor analysis of the data revealed that the number of factors required to account for the responses of children in this age range is quite comparable to what has been found at the adult and late‐childhood levels. The factors appear in nature to be generally similar to those which have been reported for older groups. Tentative designations are offered for some of the factors, but complete identification depends on additional information which will be considered in later publi

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1958.tb01453.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The present paper is an interim report on a long‐term plan to investigate the attitudes of students to the courses they undertake in university departments of education. The report is concerned primarily to compare the attitudes of students at the University College of North Staffordshire, to their ‘concurrent’ course with those of students in the University of London to their post‐graduate course. An attitude scale was produced using a combination of both Thurstone and Likert methods of scale construction, and was administered (a) to a group of London students at the beginning and end of their course in October, 1956, and June, 1957, and (b) to a group of Keele students at the beginning of their course in October, 1957. In the first instance, the data obtained have been examined from the point of view of (a) the attitude of the whole group to the whole scale, (b) the attitude of Faculty groups to the whole scale, and (c) the attitude of the whole group to individual items of the scale. The initial attitudes of the London students have also been compared (a) with those they expressed at the end of their course, and (b) with the initial attitudes of the Keele s

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1958.tb01454.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1.—109 students in a university training department were given four tests at the beginning of their year of post‐graduate teacher‐training. The tests were:(i) Moray House Adult Intelligence Test.(ii) Raven's Progressive Matrices (1937).(iii) Minnesota Teacher Attitude Inventory.(iv) ‘Teachers and Teaching’ a test of attitude towards teaching as a career.The results of these tests were correlated with the marks awarded to the students in Practical Teaching and in Theory of Education at the end of the year.2.—None of the tests gave significant correlations with the Practical Teaching marks, but all except the last gave correlations significant at the 5 per cent, level with Theory of Education marks. A combination of the results of two or three of these tests gave a slightly higher correlation with Theory of Education marks than any one of them taken alone.3.—The results of the Minnesota Teacher Attitude Inventory did not correspond either to American or Canadian norms. Scores on the Inventory were significantly correlated with the results of the Progressive Matrices Test, but not with the Moray House Test.4.—The result of an experiment with a small group of students suggests that scores on the Inventory can be raised considerably by faking opinions where s

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1958.tb01455.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Comparison was made between the progress in reading of retarded children before entering a remedial class, and after a period of instruction in the class. The difference was found significant at the 0·01 level. The retests of a comparable group of retarded pupils not receiving remedial instruction showed no difference in their progress rate between the periods from first to second, and second to third retests

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1958.tb01456.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The development of children's understanding of what they read and assessment of the appropriateness of their school books was studied by means of a test of comprehension of words and phrases taken from the reading books used by children aged between 8 and 10 years in Hungarian schools. The results showed a general growth in comprehension with age, and a wide difference in ability associated with social class and with rural and urban populations. They also showed that the school readers were too difficult for most children and were inappropriate for those in rural areas.

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1958.tb01457.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A general interest in essay writing and speculation as to what was meant by ‘fluent’ writing, led the author to undertake the following investigation. A group of Edinburgh school children were given various fluency tests and the results from these, together with the scores from essays and intelligence tests, were analysed. The main conclusion reached was that a minor ‘ideational’ fluency factor did seem to enter into essay writing, together with verbal ability. General fluency did not appear to enter into essay

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1958.tb01458.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY