摘要:

Summary.30 primary school children aged 7 years, 9 years and 11 years, were given the standard Vigotsky sorting task and specially constructed extension tests. 30 other children of the same ages were given identical tasks except that the nonsense syllables were omitted from the base of the experimental blocks. Most of the children using the labelled blocks, but hardly any children using unlabelled blocks, succeeded in the extension tests. The extent to which these results bear on the problem of the relationship between concept formation and the use of language is discussed.

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1970.tb02129.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Some 261 secondary school teachers were asked to rate twelve paired elements for their importance as constituent aspects of the process of planning a course of study. The aim was to estimate the level of importance they accorded each element, their degree of agreement and to analyse the way in which they perceived the relationship between the elements in the process of planning. Their perceptions of a curriculum plan as a ‘guide’ or as a ‘mandatory statement’ were also studied. From the data arising a tentative description of how teachers perceive the process of planning is developed. It suggests that teachers perceive the process as calling for a consideration of those factors which constitute the context of teaching and requiring reference to a range of evaluative criteria, an important one of which may be the interests and attitudes which pupils show in their course o

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1970.tb02130.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of direct instruction on the ability to handle permutations and arrangements, as an example of a problem at the level of formal operations. 60 Bucharest school children, 20 aged 10 years, 20 aged 12 and 20 aged 14, tested individually, were first asked to estimate the number of possible permutations with 3, 4 and 5 objects. Results showed that these subjective estimates improved with age, with a threshold (or marked improvement) at age 12, though there was serious underestimating at all ages. A step‐by‐step teaching strategy using generative ‘tree diagrams’ was then used. Even the 10‐year‐olds learned the use of the tree diagrams and the appropriate procedures for permutations and a

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1970.tb02131.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.This is an exploratory attempt to evaluate Nuffield Science courses, adapted for use in third forms in New Zealand schools. Course objectives were identified and growth in these objectives was determined between February, 1967, and February, 1968. In addition, shifts in pupil interest in science and changes in the teachers' behaviour were measured. Where data were unambiguously collected and analysed it would appear that genuine growth in the objectives of the courses did indeed occur.

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1970.tb02132.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.400 sixth‐form and undergraduate respondents to a questionnaire were asked to write about any experiences they had had which they felt were similar to ones quoted from an autobiography in the questionnaire. This autobiographical passage described experiences in childhood of ecstatic joy in nature, turning sometimes to awe and fear. 55 per cent responded to this question. In this paper no attempt is made to classify or describe the variety of experiences reported by the respondents: only some differences between the two groups of respondents, those describing experiences of some kind and those not doing so, are presented. In particular, attention is given to a significant correlation between those describing such experiences and those expressing active interest in creative writing, painting, music and reading poetry. The respondents admitting to such creative artistic interests are further compared with those not doing s

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1970.tb02133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A group of nursery school children from poor socio‐economic conditions were subjected to familiar and unfamiliar social and physical conditions. Under unfamiliar conditions, even with opportunity to learn the tasks beforehand, children showed decreased motor‐perceptual and verbal behaviour. They also showed freezing behaviour similar to fear reactions in other animals together with global gazing. Some practical suggestions are made with regard to handling this behaviour in clinical situations together with indications for further resea

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1970.tb02134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The responses of 162 male and 181 female head teachers to a Head Teacher Role Definition Instrument (HRDI) were compared by chisquare analysis. The head teachers were randomly selected from primary and non‐selective secondary schools throughout England and Wales. The HRDI, developed with the assistance of head teachers, had a test‐retest reliability of ·804. Hypotheses derived from American studies of the school principalship, which predicted stronger professional orientations on the part of female head teachers in respect of ideologies of service and technical competence were not supported. In confirmation of previous American research male head teachers were found to hold more autonomous role conceptions than female head teachers in connection with their relationships with teachers, parents and expert authority sources external to the sc

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1970.tb02135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A Persian form of Heim's AH5, a high‐grade group intelligence scale, was given to a representative sample of Iranian secondary school pupils (575 boys, 433 girls, aged 17–18 years). Iranian subjects as a group were found to score substantially lower than their British counterparts. Girls were inferior to boys on both verbal and non‐verbal scales of the test and there were significant differences between the three fields of specialis

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1970.tb02136.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The distinction between norm‐referenced measurement and criterion‐referenced measurement is discussed, particular emphasis being laid upon inter‐subject variability. Three important areas of application are suggested: curriculum development; the assessment of developmental levels and the construction of diagnostic/remediation programmes. Psychometric issues surrounding the selection of criteria and suitable items are considered with reference to these and the possibility of individual item‐sampling procedures is mentioned. It is considered that criterion‐referenced test construction will require a change of emphasis from the assessment of individual differences to the identification of learning criteria and individual performance relative

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1970.tb02137.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.There are broadly two models for vocational guidance, estimating respectively the ‘efficiency’ of the individual against a performance criterion and ‘belongingness or adjustment’ based on similarity to the typical member. The former has attractions of positiveness, but data for the latter are easier to get.It is shown in this paper that, with certain reasonably acceptable assumptions, mean occupational profile data can be used via the point‐biserial to get regression equations permitting the more convenient usage of the ‘efficiency’ approach (though the criterion is still ‘adjustment’). An illustrative example is worked, discussion is given of how the proposed ‘adjustment score’ functions, and a tentative de

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1970.tb02138.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY