ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo hundred pneumonia resistant male rats were divided into 5 groups (A, B, C, D and E), and 3 of these were exercised by forced swimming at different stages of their maturation. One group was held sedentary and the 5th group was exercised daily to age 165 days. The group which was exercised from age 95 days to age 130 days had a mean time on a swim to exhaustion at age 200 days significantly greater than the means for all other groups at the .05 level. No significance was found for adult resting heart rates.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACTPrevious studies of the physiological dead space in exercise have commonly ignored problems of respiratory rate, posture, intensity of exercise and the effect of rising body temperature on the acid-base equilibria in arterial blood. The present authors have calculated the physiological dead space from carefully standardized Astrup measurements of the CO2tension in “arterialized” capillary blood. The dead-space/tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) is in the range 0.20 — 0.25 for both children and young adults exercising at 80% of their aerobic power. If the tidal volume is held constant, an increase of breathing rate leads to a worsening of the VD/VTratio, mainly by reducing the time available for diffusional mixing in the airway. On the other hand, a deliberate increase of tidal volume can also increase the ratio, VD/VTprobably by worsening the ventilation/perfusion ratio in some regions of the lung; this effect of increasing tidal volume is more obvious at moderate than at severe work loads. Posture has little influence on the physiological dead space while exercising at 80% of aerobic power. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of (a) a model of the mixing process in the conducting airways, and (b) the extent of the alveolar component of dead space, as calculated from a “nine-slice” model of the lungs.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACTSkinfold measurements were taken at 6 selected sites on 114 participants at the 1968 U. S. Olympic Marathon Trial. For the purpose of comparison, similar measurements were taken on 92 normally active men and 63 age-matched graduate students and faculty men. Body density and fat were estimated by 3 separate equations selected after a thorough review of the literature. An average of the 3 equations resulted in a body density estimate of 1.084 for the marathoners as compared to 1.071 and 1.062 for college men and faculty, respectively. It was concluded that marathon runners possess about 7.5% body fat or 5% less fat than the college men and nearly 9% less than the faculty group.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACTRecent research has suggested that contrary to common belief, athletes demonstrate superior academic achievement when compared to non-athletes. Two questions related to this phenomenon were explored in this study. They were (1) the tenability of the hypothesis that participation in sports results in higher self-perceptions of ability to perform academically and (2) whether such variation can account for the observed difference in academic achievement between athletes and non-athletes. The findings supported the hypothesis that athletes have higher academic self-concepts than non-athletes, but this difference when other variables were controlled only accounted for a very small portion of the variation between the two groups in regard to academic achievement.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of viewing three college athletic contests — a football game, a basketball game and a wrestling match — upon the written aggressive responses of male spectators. Immediately before viewing each contest the subjects were administered twenty incomplete sentence stems and six selected Thematic Apperception Test pictures. After viewing the athletic contests the subjects were immediately tested with twenty different sentence stems and six different Thematic Apperception Test pictures. During the post-testing session a questionnaire was administered to the subjects in an attempt to determine what facets of the spectator situation affected the emotions of the subjects. The projective tests were scored for both frequency and intensity of aggresive responses. It was found that the football and basketball contests significantly increased the subjects' frequency of aggression from pre-test to post-test sessions. Intensity of aggression did not significantly change from pre-contest testing to post-contest testing for the football, basketball and wrestling contests. The post-game questionnaire indicated that various facets of the athletic contest spectator situations, other than the contest itself, affected the emotions of sport spectators.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID