摘要:

ABSTRACT.This study examined the effects of arm training on retention of training effects produced by leg training. Thirteen adult male subjects leg trained on bicycle ergometers for 8 weeks. During the subsequent 4 week control period group AT (N = 4) arm trained by cranking an ergometer, group DT (N = 4) discontinued training and group LT (N = 5) continued leg training. Metabolic response to maximal and submaximal (80% initial &OV0312;o2max) leg work was observed before (Test I) and after (Test II) the 8 week leg training program and at the conclusion of the control period (Test III). With the initial 8 weeks of leg training &OV0312;o2max and maximal &OV0312;Eincreased while &OV0312;o2, HR, &OV0312;Eand blood lactate decreased during submaximal work (p<.05). R was decreased during both maximal and submaximal work (p<.05). Analysis of covariance of the Test III means (Test II as covariate) yielded significant (p<.05) F‐ratios for &OV0312;o2max and R at &OV0312;o2max. Post hoc testing indicated that &OV0312;o2max was greater in LT than in AT or DT but that there was no difference between AT and DT. R at &OV0312;o2max was greater in DT than in LT or AT. These data suggest that arm training does not significantly affect the deterioration in metabolic response to leg work which occurs with cessation of leg training.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The metabolic cost of circuit weight training was determined in a group of 20 men and 20 women, 17 to 36 years of age, who volunteered to participate in this study. Performing 3 circuits (10 stations/circuit), using a work (30‐sec) to rest (15‐sec) ratio of 2:1, and a total exercise time of 22.5 min, the energy expenditure was found to be highly related to body weight (r = 0.84 and r = 0.67 for men and women respectively). The average gross energy expenditure was 539.7 and 367.5 kcal/hr. (9.0 and 6.1 kcal/min) for the men and women respectively, but was 7.0 and 6.0 kcal/kg•hr when expressed relative to body weight, and 8.1 and 8.2 kcal/kg (LBW)•min when expressed relative to lean body weight. Thus, when body composition was considered, there were essentially no differences in the energy expenditure for males and females.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The efficacy of a 10‐week program of circuit weight training to elicit specific physiological alterations was evaluated in a group of men (n = 16) and a group of women (n = 12), with an additional group of men (n = 10) and a group of women (n = 11) serving as controls. The circuit consisted of 10 stations performed on a Universal Gym, 3 circuits per day (∽ 22.5 min/day), 3 days/week. The subjects exercised at 40‐55% of 1‐RM, executing as many repetitions as possible in 30 sec on each of the lifts, followed by a 15 sec rest as the subject moved to the next station. Following the training program, the experimental groups demonstrated significant increases in lean body weight, flexed biceps girth, treadmill endurance time, &OV0312;Emax(women only), &OV0312;o2max in ml/kg•min (women only), flexibility and strength. Significant decreases were found in selected skinfold measurements, and in resting heart rate (control group showed similar decreases). No change was found in body weight or in relative or absolute body fat. Generally, the women exhibited equal or greater changes when compared to the men for all variables assessed, which could be a function of their lower initial starting levels, or a more intense training program. It was concluded that circuit weight training is a good general conditioning activity, i.e., attends to more than one component of fitness.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Skilled and unskilled skiers were studied during downhill skiing. Muscle glycogen and muscle lactate concentrations in the vastus lateralis muscle were determined following different skiing conditions. Heavy glycogen utilization was found in the groups studied during a day of skiing. The skilled and unskilled skiers differed with respect to selective glycogen depletion pattern and the skilled subjects demonstrated greater depletion of slow twitch fibers than the unskilled subjects. Lactate concentrations ranged from approximately 5‐26 mmoles x kg‐1wet muscle after approximately one minute of maximal skiing. This wide range was not found to be related to the level of skiing proficiency. However, skiing with varyingly angled boots, resulting in different knee angles, did affect lactate concentration. Lactate concentration was positively correlated to individual muscle fiber composition expressed as a percent of fast twitch fibers. The results suggest more pronounced involvement of aerobic energy metabolism in skilled skiers than in unskilled skiers.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Ten male intercollegiate cross‐country skiers were studied to identify factors influencing competitive performance and to estimate the efficiency of energy expenditure in skiing. The variables examined were maximum oxygen intake, as determined by both uphill treadmill running and by maximal level skiing, physical characteristics, strength and experience in cross‐country skiing and racing. Multiple regression analysis showed that racing experience, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body fat percentage were significant factors in racing success. The net mechanical efficiency at this level of competition was estimated at 21.3%.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The relative risk of death among school and college varsity football players was calculated as a replication of a statistical exercise published a decade earlier. The purpose of the original exercise had been to demonstrate the epidemiological necessities and pitfalls in using fatality data to approach the hazardousness of sport. The purpose of this replication was to examine the stability of the findings of that exercise. In 1964, football was found not to constitute an additional risk of death to its participants compared to the overall mortality rate of young males adjusted for comparability by exposure to a football season. Further, compared to the automobile‐related mortality rate of this population, football was much safer. In 1974 (and 1975), the frequency of football fatalities has declined, and the respective actuarial ratios consequently remained favorable to football. Fatality data, however, have limited utility in the search for preventive practices in sport. What is needed is continuous surveillance of all significant injuries and illnesses, using epidemiological principles.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Rationale, development, and validation studies for the Physical Estimation and Attraction Scales (PEAS) are dicussed. A psychological model for physical activity participation is advanced which utilizes Estimation (self‐perceptions of physical ability) and Attraction (measured interest in physical activity) as mediating variables in physical ability, physical activity participation, self‐esteem relationships. Tests of the model have inferred physical ability from performance at motor fitness tests, participation from paper and pencil self‐reports, and self‐esteem from several of the more widely used measures of general self‐es‐teem. Conclusions developed from studying these variables in male adolescent samples are presented.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A study was conducted to determine intrapersonal and situational factors related to the stress experienced by 11 and 12 year old boys participating in competitive youth sports. Potential stress related factors were assessed at preseason, pregame, and postgame periods. The indicant of stress was state anxiety measured by the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory for Children administered 30 minutes prior to and immediately following a competitive soccer game. Findings indicated that competitive trait anxiety, self esteem, basal state anxiety, and expectancies of self and team performance outcomes were significantly related to stress experienced when anticipating competition. As hypothesized, game win‐loss was a highly significant predictor of postgame stress. Other predictors of postgame stress were the game win‐loss x game closeness interaction, the amount of fun experienced during the game, basal state anxiety, and the perceived importance of a game win to the coach. The findings are discussed in terms of the child's actual and perceived response capabilities in meeting the performance demands of the highly evaluative sport competition process.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Each of 22 subjects squeezed a hand‐gripping device for as long as possible at a tension of 50% of his maximum voluntary contraction. When the prescribed tension could no longer be maintained, the subject was given a predetermined rest period and at its conclusion again squeezed the hand dynamometer in a second all‐out bout. The length of the interbout rest period was either 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280, or 2560 sec. Each subject experienced every rest period with the order of administration assigned at random. At least three days intervened between successive testing sessions. The mean time the subjects persisted during the first bout was 120.25 sec. The percentage of recovery, calculated by dividing the holding time of the first bout into the time of the second, ranged from 20.3% after 5 sec of rest to 86.8% following the 2,560‐sec rest interval. An analysis of the percentages of recovery at the various time periods revealed that the pattern of submaximal isometric endurance recovery followed a three‐component exponential curve.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of blood infusion upon maximal endurance capacity and ratings of perceived exertaion (RPE). Sixteen long‐distance runners, 13 of whom were marathoners, undertook four trials (T1‐T4) of a treadmill run to exhaustion over a five week period. Criterion measures were time to exhaustion (TE) and RPE during each T. Data on Hb, Hct and RBCs were collected prior to each trial. Based on TE at T1, Ss were matched and assigned to either the experimental (E) or control (C) group. One week after T1, all Ss had 460 ml blood withdrawn. T2 was undertaken 2 weeks postwithdrawal. One week after T2, or 21 days postwithdrawal, the E group was infused with their own RBCs while the C group received 460 ml normal saline. T3 was taken 2 hours postinfusion and T4 one week later. The results of the factorial repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant differences (p< .05) between groups for either TE or RPE, even though the Hb level for the E group was significantly higher (P<.01) than the C group at T3 and T4.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID