摘要:

Immunoglobulins and their subunits in urines collected before and after exercise from healthy human subjects were studied. Quantitative analysis showed that only γA- and γG-immunoglobulins were excreted as whole molecules in normal urine, at a concentration of 0.35 and 1.70 μg/min., respectively. Exercise enhanced the excretion of both types of molecules. In some cases, γD-immunoglobulins were found in “exercise urine.” Gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 showed that only γG-subunits were present in normal and in “exercise urine.” The distribution of γG-subunits was not affected by exercise. The authors consider the importance of the present data in relation to renal physiology.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism during a short exhaustive run was studied in 8 males before and after training. The short exhaustive run was performed on a treadmill at a speed of 8 mph and a grade of 20%. Run times ranged from 36 to 66 seconds. A 6 week training program of interval sprints of 220 yds. and distance runs of 2 miles were designed to stress the capacity for both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. The training program resulted in a 23% increase in run time for the short exhaustive run. With training no change was observed in the oxygen uptake during the first 30 seconds of the short exhaustive run. However, after the initial 30 second period of metabolic adjustment, the oxygen uptake during the remainder of the run was higher after training. Compared to pretraining test results, post-training there was a 9% increase in oxygen debt and 17% increase in blood lactate concentration. The extra energy needed for the longer post-training run could be attributed to the increased oxygen uptake during the final stages of the run, to increased glycolysis, and to an increased capacity to incur an oxygen debt.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nineteen volunteer men, between 28–39 years of age (mean 32.5) were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental groups. Group I exercised two days a week, and Group II four clays a week for twenty weeks. Exercise sessions were 30 minutes in duration and consisted of continuous walking, jogging, or running. A control group of 8 sedentary men did not differ significantly in working capacity and cardiovascular function, but body composition tended to deteriorate. During this same time span, both experimental groups improved significantly in all working capacity and cardiovascular variables. This was shown by increased maximal VO2from 3.030 to 3.531 l/min (17%), and 2.903 to 3.752 l/min and 36.6 to 49.3 ml/kg/min (35%), maximal pulmonary ventilation from 127.2 to 140.8 1/min and 128.9 to 142.6 l/min, maximal oxygen pulse from 16.6 to 19.8 ml/b and 16.4 to 21.6 ml/b for Groups I and II respectively. A heart rate response to a standard treadmill (5 min, 6 mph, 5.0% grade) test was administered to evaluate changes in cardiovascular efficiency with training. Both experimental groups improved significantly in all rest, exercise, and recovery heart rate measures. Body composition values remained relatively constant for Group I, but improved significantly for Group II. Group II decreased significantly in total body weight (-2.9 kg), per cent body fat (-1.0%), and the sum of 6 skinfold fat measures (-23.6 mm.) The between group analysis showed that improvements were manifested in accordance with frequency of participation.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Eleven overweight college women agreed to participate in n physical activity program requiring expenditures of approximately 500 kcal per woman per clay, six clays per week for eight weeks. No attempt was made to control diet (diet was ad lib), each subject agreed not to deliberately limit her diet during the study. The exercise program used a walk-jog format. Energy expenditure data obtained on the treadmill were used to plan each woman's exercise program. Treadmill walking was done at 3 mph and running at 5 mph. Daily weight records were maintained and an exercise log was kept. Weekly measurements of 12 skinfolds were made. The overweight women were able to adhere, on a group basis, to the extent of 70% participation in the individually planned programs. During the course of the study body weight and skinfolds decreased significantly. According to calculations based on the loss in body weight and skinfold thickness, total body fat decreased and fat-free weight increased. An apparent discrepancy in caloric balance is discussed.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Metabolic responses (VO2and lactic acid accumulation) of six nationally ranked marathon runners were examined during submaximal and maximal treadmill running. At all running speeds the runners were confronted with a 242 m/min head wind to partially account for the actual air resistance experienced during competitive running. Based on the metabolic laboratory data and mean competitive running speeds, marathon performances were evaluated. The average Max VO2for the 6 runners was 4.54 l/min (71.4 ml/kg-min). During a marathon race that requires about 2400 Kcal it was estimated that the runners utilized 75% of their aerobic capacities with little lactic acid accumulation.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An attempt has been made to evaluate the extent of the potential error inherent in using either a constant average value or a predicted value of residual volume as opposed to the actual measurement of residual volume in the calculation of body density, percent body Fat and lean body weight. Measurements of underwater weight, residual volume and vital capacity were recorded from 69 male and 128 female college age subjects. The results indicate a very close agreement between the actual values for density, percent fat and lean body weight, and those obtained through either an estimated or a constant residual volume. There is, however, enough individual variation to indicate the necessity for using the actual measured residual volume for research purposes when absolute accuracy is essential.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It is well established that a single exercise period will markedly alter quadricep reflex time; however, there is a paucity of experimental evidence concerning the effects of repeated exercise (training) on this measure. Quadricep reflex time and muscle strength data were obtained from 65 male college aged students before and after a six week experimental period. Thirty-six students participated in a training program specially designed to strengthen the muscles of the quadricep group while the 29 control subjects were students not enrolled in physical activity courses. The reliability of the testing procedures were evaluated on the same day and one week later and none of the correlation coefficients obtained were lower than .92. The results indicated that quadricep reflex time was significantly faster in the experimental group after the training program. This change represented a difference of 5%. Although there was a significant increase in quadricep muscle strength by the experimental group, there was no statistical relationship between muscle strength and reflex time nor between a change in muscle strength and a change in reflex time. It was concluded that training can alter quadricep time; however, the mechanism is obscure.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

X-ray pictures of hands were obtained from a limited number of serious karate hand-conditioners. In no case was dystrophic soft tissue calcification, or damage to the metacarpal heads found. A single juvenile diabetic showed evidence of periosteal new bone formation along the ulnar aspect of the shaft of the fifth metacarpal. Only a single case of hemoglobinuria and decreased serum haptoglobin secondary to savage hand-conditioning has been reported.Callus formation on the knuckles can be developed in two ways: the “savage technique” exposes the extensor tendon and its expansion and then a callus is developed over the damaged area; or the milder technique, which develops a callus within the skin over the metacarpal heads.Both tannic acid and benzoin preparations have been used in attempts to stimulate callus formation and speed up healing. No particular harmful effects have been found with the use of either of these preparations for hand-conditioning.Serious hand-conditioning, recently decreasing in popularity, is unnecessary for competion in form or free fighting tournaments, and is not recommended.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A review of the topic of Kappô Resuscitation was done, based on available reference sources and the author's experience. The most frequently used techniques of Kuatsu were described, and analyzed in view of currently applicable scientific knowledge. A critical evaluation of the techniques included a review of potential medico-legal aspects. This review found little of scientific benefit in the described techniques. The use of Katsu, as yet untested both medically and legally, cannot be recommended at this time. Possible jurisprudential areas of liability are indicated. Further evaluations, based on modern scientific methods and reasoning are recommended.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Injuries to the quadriceps muscle of the thigh are frequent in sports and often the cause of serious and prolonged disability. Whether the injury is a contusion or strain of the muscle, the pathology and complications are the same. The most serious complication is myositis ossificans. A rationale of treatment is described based on a division of the injuries into four grades and measures appropriate to each degree are outlined. It is essential to restore normal muscle length as quickly as possible to decrease disability.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID