摘要:

Heavy-work endurance capacity was measured in 50 male college students during two different tests performed on the bicycle ergometer. In Test 1, the work load was progressively increased 180 kpm each two minutes until the subject stopped working. Low and non-significant correlations were obtained between body weight and max Vo2(r = .23) and body weight and total work done (r = .05). Average max Vo2was 3.94 1/min (SD = .55), and average total amount of work done was 15,693 kgm (SD = 3,908). In Test 2, all subjects began pedaling at the same high initial rate of work (1,656 kgm/min), which they tried to maintain for 12 minutes. The amount of drop-off in rate of work was 26% at minute 12. During the last eight minutes of performance, oxygen consumption was above 90% max Vo2. The correlation between body weight and min-by-min Vo2during this heavy exercise averaged r = .25; between body weight and cumulated min-by-min work output the correlations averaged r = .19. Average total amount of work done in 12 minutes was 16,828 kgm (SD = 1,912). The results were interpreted to mean that endurance capacity on the bicycle ergometer using the two different tests was not favored by individuals of either high or low body weights. The apparent disparity with the results of others is discussed.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Physiological adjustments of a male Olympic speed skater were measured during an ice-skating sprint and were compared to his maximal responses during strenuous treadmill exercise. The measurements included heart rate, minute ventilation and oxygen uptake. Several pulmonary function tests were also conducted including static lung compartments, spirometry and pulmonary diffusing capacity at rest and during exercise. The subject achieved more than 95% of his maximal responses (heart rate, minute ventilation, oxygen uptake) during the skating sprint. The pulmonary function responses of the subject generally exceeded predicted normal values.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The objectives of our experiment were (1) to compare the effectiveness of individual and gymnasium-type exercise programs, and (2) to identify characteristics of the exercise “drop-out.” Sedentary middle-aged men participated in a 28-week course of regular exercise, based on either the popular paper-back “Aerobics” or a “low-gear” fitness class at the Y.M.C.A. Detailed physiological assessments were made at the beginning, the mid-point, and the end of the study; psychological assessments were also made at the beginning and end of the investigation.Both regimes produced statistically similar increases of predicted aerobic power (14%, 10%, respectively), but the gymnasium program yielded a larger increase of leg extension strength (respective changes 3% and 13%) and an insignificantly greater decrease of skinfold thickness (respective changes 9% and 14%). The formal activities of the Y.M.C.A. also produced significantly greater changes of extroversion (Maudsley Personality Inventory), mood (McPherson scale) and attitude towards sports (Kenyon's component vii) than did participation in the individual exercise program.Most of the “drop-outs” were enrolled in the individual program. They were overweight and stronger than continuing participants, and were also more likely to smoke and to have an extraverted personality.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty-six Caucasian male volunteers were assigned to appropriate treatment populations within fitness, percent lean body mass, activity level and age groups. Assignment was based on the Balke Treadmill Test (fitness),40K Whole Body Count (percent lean body mass) and questionnaire (activity level and age). Vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, maximal breathing capacity and peak air flow were also established for each subject. Blood samples were drawn after a twelve-hour fast and at three hours following a fifty-gram fat meal. Serum optical density of these blood samples was established spectrophotometrically and used as an expression of lipemia. Fasting and post-meal data were interpreted by analysis of variance. Relationships among measured parameters were examined via product moment coefficient. Neither mean pre- nor mean post-meal lipemia were significantly different in populations of varying fitness, leanness and age. No significant differences were noted in fasting lipemia among populations of varying activity levels. Habitually active subjects had a significantly smaller response to fat ingestion than did a group of sedentary counterparts. A significant negative relationship was seen between lean body mass and increase in serum optical density following fat ingestion.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Estimated forearm muscle blood flow (EFMBF) measurements were made during exercise and recovery from exercise on eight competitive swimmers and eight control subjects throughout 10 weeks of training followed by 10 weeks without training. A significant increase in the swimmers' EFMBF was found only at the 10th week, peak training; their decrease in EFMBF during the 4th week of detraining was also significant. It would appear that at the highest degree of training, oxygen requirements were met primarily with an increased blood How, assuming the increased flow was through nutritional pathways. The significant increase in 15-sec post-exercise FMBF at the 7th and 10th weeks of training, along with the previously indicated increased exercise blood flow, suggests that the vascularity of skeletal muscle tissue might have been increased by a period of extreme physical training. The physical training effect on the rate of restoration of FMBF during recovery from exercise is uncertain. A significant increase was found at the 7th week of training, however, at the 10th week of training, the exponential rate constant was similar to that after the 1st week of training. The present results tend to support the concept that the rate of blood flow recovery after exercise is independent of peak blood flow during recovery. There were no significant changes in any of the parameters in the control group. Total blood flow responses paralleled muscle blood flow trends with training and detraining, but at higher levels.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The study was designed to investigate possible influences of 18 selected anthropometric measures and ratios on velocity attained by 107 “untrained” college women during the last thirty-five yards of a fifty-yard run.Weight and weight-related variables such as the leg girth measurements and bi-trochanteric diameter appeared to exert a negative influence on the ability to run rapidly.The relationship between velocity and height and between velocity and other linear measurements used in this study appeared to be masked by weight and the weight-related variables.Obliquity of the femur, lateral hip displacement, the crural index, and the three measures and ratios reflecting the position of the calf muscle showed little or no relationship to velocity on the run through all procedures of analysis.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty-one male subjects participated in each of two experiments involving a hand-gripping exercise. In Experiment I the task was to maintain a maximum, static contraction for 1 min, while in Experiment II the exercise consisted of maximal rhythmic contractions performed for 3 min at a rate of 30/min. Following each exercise bout, strength was determined at either 10, 35, 70, 115, 170, or 235 sec of recovery. In both experiments, each subject was tested on six occasions; therefore, the ‘strength levels for all subjects were assessed at each period of observation during recovery. Results revealed that recovery was very rapid in both experiments but was more rapid following the isotonic task. Recovery from isometric fatigue was virtually complete after 235 sec of rest, but at the same time period following rhythmic exercise the strength level had surpassed that recorded at the initiation of exercise. Both recovery patterns followed a double-component exponential curve, but the fastacting, first component persisted for a longer time period following the isotonic task. Principal component rate constants were identical for the two conditions.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Daily protein, fat, and total caloric intake for college football defensive linemen were compared with these values in college cross-country runners. The two groups were designated as “high mesomorphy” and “high” ectomorphy“ respectively. Dietary histories of all football players (N = 11) were conducted during the ”off season“ when subjects were not in training or competing. Interviews for six of a total of 13 runners were conducted during the ”off season“ and for the seven other runners during the competitive season. No differences were found between the two groups of runners in nutritional intake or height, weight and age. The height and weight of the ”high ectomorphy“ group were found to he significantly greater than those of the ”high ectomorphy“ group, and the relative (according to weight) intake of calories, proteins and fats was found to be significantly greater in the ”high ectomorphy“ group.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It would appear that, based on the reported frequency of injuries in college intramural touch football, the use of well trained and experienced officials would he a feasible method of reducing injuries. The purpose of this investigation was to demonstrate, through experimentation, the effectiveness of trained and experienced officials to reduce the injury rate in touch football.A system of player injury identification was established. Experimental and control officials were allocated randomly to about half of the games. Strict protocols were followed − concerning allocation of officials; that is, only experimental (experience and specially trained) officials were allowed to officiate in experimental games and only control officials were allowed to officiate control games.Immediately after the football season was completed, a definitive diagnosis for each injury was established.There does not appear, on the basis of crude injury rates, to he much of an advantage in using trained and experienced officials for the reduction of injuries in touch football games. This same conclusion is reached when only serious injury crude rates are considered, even though a slight excess in rate of serious injury exists for experimental games.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID