摘要:

The article contains a review of the common head and neck injuries sustained in contact sports. The subject is covered from the point of view of the team physician and advanced specialized care of these injuries is not discussed. A classification of these injuries is presented together with a discussion of their etiology, signs and symptoms, and early management, both on the field and in the hospital. A discussion of when to allow the athlete to return to the contact sport is given; and tabular charts of the frequency of these injuries at the University of Massachusetts are given.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Exercise in air and in water was studied using an ergometer which required the same type of muscle action in both environments. The &OV0312;o2for a given load was the same in air and in water of 30°C and 35°C and was linearly related to the rate of work. In 25°C water &OV0312;o2was .14 l/min greater than under the other conditions. In water respiratory frequency was slightly greater than in air but relationships between &OV0312;E and &OV0312;o2were not different. Temperature measurements during 30 minutes of work at 80 watts in one lean individual revealed that the increase of temperature in the external auditory canal (Tear) was directly related to the water temperature, but in an obese subject there was no such relationship. However, weight loss during the exercise was related to water temperature in both subjects. Heart rate of the lean subject was slower in cool water than in air or warm water, but for the obese subject pulse rate did not correlate with the water temperature. Except for differences related to thermal regulation and the mechanics of respiration, responses to exercise are the same in water as those in air.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The pulmonary diffusing capacity (DLco) and cardiac output (&OV0422;) were measured during successive work increments on a bicycle ergometer up to the maximum oxygen uptake (Vo2max) in trained swimmers and in healthy untrained subjects from Bergen City, Norway. At rest and throughout the entire range of exercise, DLcovalues were significantly higher in trained swimmers than in untrained subjects. Maximal values fur DLcoin trained swimmers averaged approximately 51% above the resting level, while the increase was significantly less (35%) for untrained subjects. Expressed per unit of alveolar lung volume (KLco) differences in diffusing capacity between subjects were minimized. However, at Vo2max, KLcowas significantly higher in trained swimmers, In both groups, the pattern of DLcoresponse to increasing work Vo2, and &OV0422; was progressive and essentially linear up to near maximum exercise. Maximal values for Vo2, &OV0422; and stroke volume (SV) were significantly higher in trained swimmers than in untrained subjects. In addition, swimmers demonstrated significantly higher lung volumes and functional lung capacities than untrained subjects. These data suggest that the significantly larger lung volumes of trained swimmers may provide for potentially greater expansion of the pulmonary capillary bed during exercise. This would result in a larger pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc) and higher values of DLcoin swimmers.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Vital capacity (VC), mean expiratory flow rate (MMEF) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MW) were measured in 55 boys and 48 girls, 13–17 years of age, at a Summer track camp, using a computerized wedge spirometer. There was no significant correlation between athletic performance and VG or MMEF when body size was taken into consideration. Significant correlations were found in the boys between MVV and performances in the 100 yard run, hurdles, shotput and decathlon score. It is likely that this correlation was not due to the hoys ability to exchange large volumes of air, but to coincidental factors such as motivation, coordination, and muscular speed and strength. No significant correlations between pulmonary function and athletic performance were found in girls.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Forty-four cardiac deaths in organized sports during the period 1961–1967 were analyzed for cause, patient age, and time of occurrence. Thirty-eight (88%) were between the ages of 14–19 years. Most were between 15 and 17. Thirty-six of the 41 (883) football deaths occurred during pre-season practice. Twenty-eight of these occurred during training exercises or in practice sessions. Only 8 died during a football game, and all of these were early in the season. Six had congenital heart disease, 2 had undefined myocarditis, 1 had rheumatic fever, 2 (ages 19 and 22 years) died of coronary heart disease and 2 died from cardiac trauma. The remainder died of acute arrhythmias and unspecified organic heart disease. The survey indicates that about eight young men per year die in organized sports from heart attack. The ages of death suggest that rheumatic fever and congenital defects may be the prime etiologic factor, but the time of year and presence of myocarditis ought not be overlooked. These medical entities should be detected during a good pre-seasonal physical examination. Death from heart attack can be prevented by proper pre-season classification, early diagnosis and prompt and adequate treatment.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Electrocardiograms of 350 top Yugoslav athletes and 239 workers, age 20 to 29, were analyzed, as well as those of 90 apparently healthy employees, students, faculty and staff of the UCLA campus. All were clinically examined and tested with a multi-stage treadmill exercise, the intensity of which was increased until the subjects were exhausted. Oxygen intake was determined at the level of exercise causing exhaustion. In the athletes, heart volumes were measured by an x-ray technique. Incomplete HBBB was common (from 8 to 37.5%) in apparently healthy people of all age groups, as well as in the athletes. The athletes with incomplete RBBB had significantly greater heart volumes and body weight, but in other physical and functional characteristics they were not different from athletes without any ECG abnormality. The bundle block occurred most frequently in rowing, ice-hockey and soccer athletes, as well as in persons with a previous history of sports activity. The ratio of “physiological RBBB” to Wilson's incomplete RBBB was approximately 2:1 and there was no difference between athletes and non-athletes in this respect. The criteria for differentiation between “physiological” incomplete RBBB and the “pathologic” type seen in persons with congenital heart disease, as suggested by Tapia and Proudfit, are not very useful for athletes. The fact that the athletes who had the latter pattern had had long periods of successful competitive sports activity and very high exercise capacities, suggests that it is a normal variant.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A supervised and carefully controlled physical training program appeared to be of some value in the rehabilitation of selected patients with ischemic heart disease. Maximum work capacity was evaluated before and after three and six months of training. Eleven patients participated in the study; their mean age was SO, and ranged from 32–63 years.Work capacity was determined on a bicycle ergometer in a multi-stage test procedure including the continuous recording of an electrocardiogram, the periodic measurements of oxygen intake, heart rate and blood pressure, and the determination of the blood lactic acid level after cessation of the exercise test.As a result of the training the maximum oxygen uptake increased from 19.9 ml per kg of body weight per-minute to 27.5 ml/kg at three months and to 30.6 ml/kg per minute at six months. Consistent improvement was also seen in resting and exercise heart rates, and blood pressures. Mean post-exercise lactates, initially 46 mgS, increased to 77 mg% at 3 months and 81 mg% at 6 months. All subjects tolerated the exercise tests without incidents. Most of them benefitted from the training program. Some, however, did not show an improvement in physiological stress adaptation, and this may provide evidence that exercise is contraindicated for some patients.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There is some controversy as to whether executives constitute a high-risk population in terms of coronary heart disease. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether executives differ significantly from a total population in variables associated with a high incidence of coronary heart disease. Compared with the total population, executives were found to be significantly taller, heavier and fatter; to have higher diastolic blood pressure, higher exercise and recovery heart rates, higher serum concentrations of cholesterol and uric acid, and lower levels of physical activity. These differences persisted when samples from the total population and the executives were matched for age and average daily physical activity. We conclude that factors other than age or the average level of physical activity must be responsible for the differences between the two populations we have observed.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Relationships between occupational groups and intensity and amount of activity engaged in by 1,463 working men (age 16 to 69) during occupational work and active leisure were studied in a natural community. An activity recall questionnaire was employed to collect the data. Subjects were placed into one of 5 occupational groups (professional and technical, managerial, clerical and sales, skilled and semi-skilled, or service and labor). For each of 34 active leisure activities and occupational tasks the energy cost was estimated and expressed as a multiple of the basal metabolic rate. Data from the physical activity recall record were analyzed in terms of (a) number of hours spent at work and active leisure, (b) average energy expenditure during work and active leisure and (c) peak energy expenditure during work and active leisure.During occupational work “blue collar” workers engaged in activities which required significantly more expenditure of energy than “white collar” workers. At leisure there was no clear separation between these two major occupational classifications. The managerial occupation group spent significantly more time at work and active leisure. In contrast to the managers, “blue collar” occupational groups spent fewer hours at work but rate of energy expenditure at work was higher.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Data were combined from several studies (5,7,8,12,20,28,33) with some unpublished data to determine the reliability and orthogonal factors of the left ventricular time components and to establish standard score tables for young and middle-aged men. It was found that the time components of the left ventricle can be reliably determined in the resting, supine position. The variance accounted for by the eight intervals used in this study can be divided into four orthogonal factors, with the intervals having the highest loadings for the factors being ejection period, diastole, isovolumetric contraction period, and electromechanical lag.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1969

数据来源: OVID