ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSediments in sections of the central Birmingham canals are heavily contaminated with heavy metals and mineral oils. The sediments promote high levels of metals within the water column, which suppress the establishment of aquatic vegetation and fisheries. Sediment disturbance by boat traffic results in the release of mineral oils which cause unsightly surface oil sheens.Studies into a variety of treatment methods indicated that removal andex‐situtreatment of the contaminated sediments would significantly improve water quality and result in environmental benefits.Funding from Birmingham City Council and British Waterways enabled the award of a contract with a value of approximately £800000 and commencement in February 1993 for the removal and processing of about 24 000 m3of sediments by soil washing prior to off‐site disposal. The nature of the sediments and water are reviewed, and the results of the soils washings are discussed. The impact of the dredging operations on water quality was monitored during the works and generally observed to be localized. An environmental management plan is now being implemented and the objectives for this are discu

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSewer design usually makes use of self‐cleansing velocity criteria. In some instances, however, simple gradient rules may be useful. The theoretical basis of such a rule is described and discussed with reference to research findings. Its use is suggested for quick assessment of proposed or existing sewer

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPlanning the use of resources is an increasingly complex business as environmental and social concerns become more explicit and decisive. Many groups of people are affected, so that decisions have to be made from several viewpoints and with several criteria. Decision‐makers must not only apply the criteria which represent their own interests, but must also estimate the opinions and reactions of other affected people. If a decision is to be effective, these parties need to know how it was arrived at and to feel that it is their decision.The paper uses a simple example and two case studies to describe decision aids, designed as means of (i) communication and persuasion, and (ii) analysis. Important characteristics are (a) transparency, (b) attention to presentation, and (c) grouping of criteri

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe paper describes the nature and characteristics of urban runoff and the effects of urbanization and industrialization on the hydrologic/hydraulic regime and on water quality. The need for control measures to alleviate and prevent problems caused by urban runoff is highlighted, and this is related to the adverse environmental impacts of urban runoff.Measures and techniques currently available and under development for urban runoff control are described within the framework of regulators, service providers and the general public. The need for an integrated approach to urban runoff control is highlighted, and this is followed by a number of case studies demonstrating the cost‐effectiveness of an integrated approac

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe new treatment plant at Saint's Hill has been operating since May 1992 and biologically treats ground‐water to remove iron, ammonium/ammonia and manganese. The paper describes the project, the processes involved, the significance of pilot‐plant studies, the different stages of commissioning and plant efficiency.This method of treatment, although new to the UK, is well‐established in France, and reference to existing plants using the processes is made for purposes of indicating the range of applicability of biological treatment processes.Specific conditions are required for biological processes. Not all raw waters can be economically treated to produce an environment which is appropriate for bacterial activity. Conditions for biological iron and manganese removal are different. The paper illustrates the importance of pilot studies to establish the feasibility of biological processes and to determine the design parameters for industrial‐scal

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTMothproofing is an essential part of the manufacture of wool and wool‐blend carpets and until now has usually been combined with another textile wet process, such as dyeing, to save cost.Environmental quality standards for mothproofing agents in surface waters have recently been introduced. Compliance with these standards will require a reduction of more than 90% in the mothproofing agent content of industrial effluents in parts of the UK where mothproofing activity is most concentrated. In order to achieve such a reduction, it is proprosed that the carpet industry should install new methods of applying mothproofing agents, aimed at source reduction, rather than by adopting end‐of‐pipe measures.Two new low‐pollution mothproofing technologies are described in detail, and a summary is given of other possib

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe pesticides prometryn and terbutryn are shown to be broken down by the chlorination process. The reaction is rapid and pH‐dependent. By analogy, a number of similar compounds are expected to be affected in the same way. The importance of considering the breakdown products of pesticides is discusse

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews recent developments in contaminated land treatment (soil and groundwater) in the UK, particularly with regard to:(i) The combination/integration of individual soil‐treatment unit processes and the use of ‘extensive’ technologies;(ii) UK demonstration and emerging projects including those in the NATO/CCMS (Committee for Challenges to Modern Society) Pilot Study on Research, Development and Evaluation of Remedial Action Technologies for Contaminated Soil and Groundwater; and(iii) Contaminated land treatment technology research and developmen

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01124.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper details a study to investigate the feasibility of continuously monitoring dissolved methane concentrations in groundwater. Diffusion cells have previously been used to measure methane in water but only at very shallow depths, due to the limitations of calibrations at pressures greater than atmospheric. The feasibility of using diffusion cells to determine dissolved methane at greater depths within a borehole has been established by conducting a series of laboratory experiments with a pressurized ‘bomb’. The diffusion cells have been calibrated for a range of pressures, equivalent to a depth of 90 m below water level, and dissolved methane concentrations (0–100%).Further equipment is required and a suitable site has to be identified before field trials are performed. It should then be possible to determine the concentration of dissolved methane at depth within a borehole or reservoir, by (a) installing diffusion cells, (b) monitoring the carrier gas emissions, and (c) back‐calculating the data to determinein situconcentrations of dissolved

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01125.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY