ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1989.tb01414.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1989.tb01415.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper discusses the impact on the UK water industry of EC legislation which has been adopted and proposed for the control of dangerous substances discharged to the aquatic environment. The main impact arises from the increased monitoring needs, requiring more sophisticated analytical equipment and skilled staff, together with the increased administrative burden to produce reduction programmes and to set and control consents for dangerous substances. The paper also summarizes recent initiatives which have been taken by the UK towards a more precautionary approach to pollution control, by requiring that ‘red‐list’ substances should be controlled by environmental quality standards and limit values whichever are the more stri

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1989.tb01416.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTestsOF FOUR types of filter media are presented, which show that granular activated carbon performs marginally less well than anthracite/sand or anthracite/sand/garnet in the removal of algae, particulate organic carbon, iron and turbidity. The lengths of run which are achieved by the two granular activated carbon filters are also shorter than those of the other two media. A three‐layer filter is better than the anthracite/sand filter for particulate organic carbon, iron and turbidity removal, and the filtrate contains lower mean concentrations of alga

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1989.tb01417.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a quantitative analysis of irrigation requirements in different climatic areas of England and Wales. The analysis takes account of the differing requirements of various crops and variation in soil texture. The results include an estimation of irrigation requirement in an average year, a typical dry year for irrigation planning purposes, and an exceptional year such as 1976. The analysis was conducted using a computer programme developed jointly by the Agricultural Development and Advisory Service of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, together with the Meteorological Office, and a brief description is given of the salient features of the programme.

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1989.tb01418.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe paper describes the experiences of Grampian Regional Council's Department of Water Services in designing, testing, and installing a regional telemetry system, together with the philosophy behind some of the decisions. The paper also describes the hardware involved and some of its capabilities.

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1989.tb01419.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relatively frequent observation, during periods of onshore drift, of a surface line of convergence in nearshore coastal waters may have significant implications for the sampling procedure used for monitoring compliance with the EC Bathing Water Directive. A simple theory is developed for predicting the formation of the convergence line, and a possible alternative sampling method is suggested.

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1989.tb01420.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPost‐war changes in farming practices have resulted in the latter half of the 20th century suffering environmentally from the agricultural equivalent of the original industrial revolution. As we struggle to clean up the legacy of that first revolution in the dirty rivers, our so‐called clean rivers are now declining in quality, and the net effect is one of running hard to stand still. Recent pollution statistics are reviewed with some stories behind them. Remedies and initiatives are discussed from the point of view of the regulatory authorit

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1989.tb01421.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn response to the requirement of the Thames Water Authority for improved efficiency on all aspects of river management in general, and the New River in particular, commitment was given to look into reducing the overall unit cost and at the same time showing an improvement in effectiveness (levels of service).This paper shows how traditional methods of maintaining a river of this type and magnitude, with due consideration to its environments and physical constraints, can be revolutionized and brought into the 20th century by adopting the latest technology. In addition, and after executing a re‐appraisal of the New River activities, quite radical changes to the existing working practices together with a change in the general attitude of the individual employees were successfully implemente

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1989.tb01422.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSTandARDS FOR water quality at bathing beaches are intended to protect the health of swimmers. Until recently no reliable data were available on the relationship between pollution levels as measured by indicator bacteria and the actual level of risk to swimmers. The standard used in Hong Kong uses running median levels ofE. colibut is relatively lax, reflecting the lack of alternatives to what are, in some cases, moderately polluted beaches. A prospective epidemiological study has been undertaken to determine what the risks are to swimmers in such circumstances and hence to determine the required level of pollution control. It has been established that there are higher rates of minor ailments among swimmers than among non‐swimming control groups, and that the excess illness rates are pollution‐related for most symptom categories, except eye symptoms. The best indicators were found to beE. coli, and staphylococci. The existing limit of acceptability applied in Hong Kong corresponds to a risk of 15 skin and gastrointestinal cases per thousand swimmers, a reasonably low rate but still a significant public health problem when multiplied by the very large number of swimmers using the beaches in Hong Kong every y

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1989.tb01423.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY