摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the experience gained by Yorkshire Water in the construction and operation of a wastewater treatment plant to deal with the effluent from Europe's largest canning and bottling factory (at Wakefield, West Yorkshire). The process which was chosen was the ‘Biothane’ upward‐flow anaerobic sludge blanket system. Commissioning of the plant was fraught with difficulties due to the erratic organic load being discharged from the factory, along with larger than anticipated volumes of caustic sol

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe Government has announced its wishes to gradually introduce statutory water quality objectives in pilot catchments, commencing in late 1993. The River Cam is one of the catchments under consideration.The paper describes the main physical features of the River Cam and its uses, which include salmonid and cyprinid fisheries, agricultural and industrial abstraction, and recreational pursuits.Significant sewage and industrial discharges in the catchment, and their impact on water quality, are discussed, and current river quality is compared with established river quality objectives, EC requirements and proposed statutory water quality objectives. Procedures for setting the latter objectives are considered, together with monitoring and compliance assessment. Future effluent discharge standards are proposed, and options to achieve long‐term water quality targets are suggested as part of a catchment management action pla

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn Severn Trent Water, rapid‐gravity filtration is used as a tertiary treatment process on a number of large sewage‐treatment works, and is likely to find further use in meeting more stringent discharge quality limits in the future. Design maximum hydraulic loadings and average suspended‐solids loadings are identified, and average hydraulic and solids loadings for 1989–91 are presented. Established filters are hydraulically underloaded, but on average suspended‐solids loadings they are mostly overloaded due to relatively poor quality influents. High mean solids and BOD removals are achieved. Reduced medium relative density has been found to vary with the degree of fouling and causes over‐expansion of the bed and medium loss. A correlation has been demonstrated between relative density and percentage dry matter, which could be used to assess the degree of med

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDuring the Gulf War about 740 oil wells were blown up by the Iraqi forces, and the unburnt oil flooded from these wells to form oil lakes. This resulted in one of the largest oil slicks in the world, causing serious damage to the marine life in the Gulf region. The oil which is exposed to atmospheric weather over a period is called ‘weathered crude oil feed stock’, and it is important to treat this oil not only from the economical point of view but also to consider the environmental pollution which is created. The Government of Kuwait, represented by Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) has made its best attempts to treat this oil, and most of the oil lakes have now been cleared. The objective of this study is to report and evaluate different treatment methods and measures to control and manage these oil la

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study documents the development of a link between a geographical information system (GIS) and a non‐point source pollution model. The GIS ARC/INFO was linked to the agricultural non‐point source pollution model and ORACLE data sources. Application of the system is demonstrated using the Bedford‐Ouse catchment as a suitable case study. Water quality impacts are predicted from source data describing topography, soils, land use and river network. The model results were in agreement with observed nitrate concentrations at the catchment outlet, and more appropriate data sources are considered to be the main priority for improving model predictive ability. Management scenarios were established to assess the impact of changing agricultural management practices on predicted water quality. The approach has significant potential for the management of agricultural pollution in t

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn common with most other agricultural products, wool contains residues of pesticidal substances. Until about 1985, the use of organochlorine pesticides for the treatment of sheep was common practice in some countries (including the UK), but the pesticides used now are usually organophosphates or synthetic pyrethroids.The pesticides appear in the effluent from the wool‐scouring (washing) process, which is normally discharged to sewer, with or without partial treatment to remove wool grease. It is shown that the concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in rivers draining the regions of the UK where wool‐scouring activity is highest, have fallen substantially since 1985.Environmental quality standards have recently been proposed for the organophosphates most commonly used for sheep treatments. Even if wool sources apply the best available techniques for treating their effluent before discharge to sewer, these standards may be unachievable unless means can be found of reducing the average concentrations of organophosphates present in raw w

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the origins and development of a simple, low‐cost, low‐flow stream gauging station to meet the operational requirements of a major water resource management system. The utilitarian design uses standardized, prefabricated components in order to achieve maximum economy and ease of construction without sacrificing durability or hydrometric accur

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01107.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe problems of water‐colour management in peatland catchments are discussed. Colour may be managed in three areas of the reservoir catchment system: on the catchment itself, in the channel/conduit system and within the reservoir. Whilst a number of workers have considered the management of catchment areas and some have evolved tributary turnout strategies, no previous research has considered the role of the reservoir in the amelioration or enhancement of water colour. The management of water colour at Thornton Moor catchment (near Bradford) is described. In this catchment a staged approach has been adopted, with colour being managed in an integrated manner at three stages along the catchment/conduit/reservoir syste

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01108.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with some of the strategic issues arising from the consideration of the sustainable development of river catchments. Principles and best practice are discussed, both in general terms and as challenges to professionals involved with the coordinated planning and management of river catchments.Points are illustrated with reference to experience in the highly developed River Thames catchment, where the many demands made on the water environment require complex multifunctional decision‐making.Sustainability offers a new paradigm and common language to support decision‐making for sustainable development. The appropriate institutional and legislative framework will be supported by tools such as environmental appraisal, strategic environmental assessment and economic instruments. Within this context, the implicit partnership between asset management planning, catchment management planning and land‐use planning has the potential to deliver sustainable development for the water environment, through a process which may be called ‘total’ catchment planning.It is suggested that source control will play a major role in the search for ‘prevention rather than cure’ as a basic principle of s

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01109.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe quality of water issuing from four springs which act as private water supplies was monitored regularly over a twelve‐month period. Bacteriological analyses for faecal coliforms and chemical analyses for iron, manganese, aluminium and lead were carried out and related to meteorological conditions. Bacteriological quality, which was influenced by the amount and duration of rainfall, deteriorated rapidly after heavy rain and improved markedly during dry periods. Chemical quality was a function of both the rainfall and atmospheric pollution emanating from the nearby urban conurbation. The results are discussed with relation to the statutory requirements for local authorities to monitor small private water supplie

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01110.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY