ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1992.tb00784.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1992.tb00785.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1992.tb00786.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1992.tb00787.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe EC Directive on urban wastewater treatment will have a considerable impact on the methods used for the treatment and disposal of sewage at coastal locations. The Directive requires the natural processes involved in marine treatment to be enhanced by the use of land‐based treatment to meet the same standards.This paper discusses the implications of this change, in particular the problems involved in constructing and operating conventional treatment plants at coastal locations. Planning problems, both locally and on a catchment basis, are considered. It is concluded that these difficulties point to a need for new thinking in catchment planning and in the design and construction methods used for treating wastewaters in coastal communities. This is illustrated with UK and continental examples.In addition, the implications in terms of outfall design are discussed. It is shown that the change of emphasis towards land‐based treatment does not necessarily reduce the need for a high degree of dilution and dispersion in the sea in order to meet environmental standards. As a result, sound planning, design and operation of long sea outfalls remain as important as e

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1992.tb00788.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA detailed investigation of contamination by chlorinated solvents of the Chalk Aquifer underlying the towns of Luton and Dunstable was undertaken to assess the extent, causes and mechanisms of pollution. The research programme incorporated land‐use surveys, regional groundwater surveys, monitoring of groundwater abstraction points and aquifer profiling by means of the drilling of observation boreholes, the analysis of the recovered core material and the depth sampling of these and other boreholes.Low‐level solvent contamination of the Chalk Aquifer was found to be widespread with ‘hotspots’of higher concentrations. At the drilling sites, both the saturated and unsaturated zones were contaminated with solvents, although free product was not observed. The presence of an additional contaminant, oil, at some sites was noted to influence the distribution of solvents within the aquifer.Clean‐up of the aquifer is not a practical option, and treatment of the groundwater at the abstraction points has bee

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1992.tb00789.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe paper attempts to review current and future practices in the UK against a European background.Sludge disposal has become a subject which is developing rapidly again and, since the presentation of this paper, there have been a number of developments, e.g. the adoption by the EC of its hazardous waste Directive in December 1991. Untreated sludge or sludge which is unsuitable for use in agriculture will be classified as a hazardous waste, subject to certain criteria. This makes the work on sludge classification even more crucial.

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1992.tb00790.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a system for supplying hot water for a small community by utilizing the waste heat generated during the incineration of sludge at a site on Rokko Island, which is a new artificial island built inside the port of Kobe, Japan.The system was designed to use the heat from the hot water, produced during the cleansing of exhaust gases in the scrubber system of the sludge incineration plant, by recycling it via a heat exchanger in order to supply the occupants of neighbouring apartment complexes with clean hot water. The system has been in operation since 1988. On a yearly average the water supplied is 20° hotter than normal tap water, helping to reduce considerably the use of city gas

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1992.tb00791.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe greatest threat of contamination to groundwater resources is posed by pollutants from diffuse sources, yet legislation in the UK has until recently been focused on point sources. The problem of widespread pollution from industrial sources is described and compared with that from agriculture. The legislative controls available under the Water Resources Act 1991 are outlined, and the approach adopted by the National Rivers Authority in its Groundwater Protection Policy is discussed with respect to the concept of groundwater vulnerability.

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1992.tb00792.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTYokohama city has developed facilities to dry and granulate digested sludge, and has been producing and selling sludge fertilizer since 1977. Concurrently, investigations have been carried out on the continuous use of sludge fertilizer with respect to its nutrient value and the influence of heavy metals.Four types of fertilizer and eight types of crop were used in the test. The nutrient values and other aspects were compared statistically for assessment.It was found that (a) sludge fertilizer had the same nutrient value as organic fertilizer, (b) there was minimal transfer of heavy metals from sludge to crops, and (c) sludge fertilizer could be used continuously over a long period.

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1992.tb00793.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY