摘要:

ABSTRACTThe Isle of Wight water metering trial is one of twelve being conducted in England and Wales. The paper describes the consultations that were undertaken, leading up to the design of a metered tariff to meet local requirements. The trial was designed to investigate the problems which a large‐scale implementation of water metering would have and specifically examines meters placed either within a property or laid at the property boundary. The particular problems that arose are discussed, and the problems associated with electrical earthing are briefly described.The trial, which commenced in the autumn of 1988, involves installing a water meter in all 53 000 Island properties. Southern Water Services Ltd engaged Southern Projects (a sister company within the Southern Water Group) to organize the installation work.The paper outlines the principal activities of how the trial was planned and executed, with some thoughts on the problems arising during the installation phas

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1990.tb01447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe paper reviews the concept of network management in the Western Division of Yorkshire Water and looks closely at its implementation in the Bradford area, together with the role played by an integrated team of staff from Yorkshire Water and Parkman Consulting Engineers.The individual initiatives which have been integrated into the network‐management programme are identified, and progress on the major ones ‐ network analysis, leakage control, pressure reduction, and telemetry ‐ is discussed together with the details of planned future extensions and develop

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1990.tb01448.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper highlights the main disinfection options available for sewage, final effluents and stormwater, and is a review of the current research programme being carried out by staff of the Water Research Centre.Disinfection is an increasing requirement, with particular emphasis on bathing and recreational water use. Laboratory and field trials are reviewed, and a wide range of disinfectants have been tested. These include peracetic acid and the Clariflow process for crude sewage; peracetic acid, ozone and UV irradiation for final effluent; and peracetic acid for stormwater.The efficacy of the various disinfectants is evaluated and general costs are presented. Of special interest is the potential effect of sewage strength in reducing the disinfecting properties of the chemical. It is also apparent that there are wide variations in performance between processes and host organisms.

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1990.tb01449.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe UK waste management industry remains committed to landfill as the principal means of disposal for a large proportion of controlled wastes. Whilst the development of landfills above ground has been practised for many years in certain countries overseas, the concept has only become more widely accepted in the UK during the 1980s.It is vital that such sites are well planned, designed, operated, and restored. In particular, such sites need to be well engineered, and the following key issues have to be addressed: (i) Site identification and assessment; (ii) Peripheral bunding; (iii) Filling and compaction; (iv) Drainage; (v) Water management; (vi) Landfill gas management; and (vii) Monitoring programmes.The practice of above‐ground landfilling is gaining greater acceptance in the UK. In certain respects such sites can have advantages over conventional infilling of void

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1990.tb01450.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTData for 425 sampling locations in England and Wales, covering the 1987 bathing season, were analysed against a range of six water‐quality standards used by European and North American agencies. The following order of relative stringency was established: EEC guide level>US Environmental Protection Agency†>Toronto†>Canadian Federal†>Modified EEC standard>EEC imperative level†.All European Community (EC) countries, at present abiding by the‘imperative’bacteriological standards of the bathing waters Directive, would experience a significant increase in non‐compliance for the faecal coliform parameter if standards were altered from the current EEC imperative criteria to any of the existing alternative beach manag

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1990.tb01451.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe paper describes the changing face of river engineering. The environmental assessment procedure implicit in the Water Act 1989 and explicit in other recent legislation requires review of traditional methodology in the context of the entire river catchment environment. Local deficiencies in performance levels, especially in urbanizing catchments, must be interpreted in this light.This approach has been made possible by advances in analytical and computational techniques matched by hardware design. Investigations of problem areas can now be specified as part of a developing integrated river catchment plan, supported by adaptable models and capable of playing an increasingly confident role in strategic land‐use plannin

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1990.tb01452.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTMany environmental variables are known to be involved in the inactivation processes affecting enteric bacteria in seawater. It is commonly believed that bacteria may attempt to reduce adverse effects by adhering together, thereby decreasing the surface area exposed to the hostile environment. This mechanism may be described as self‐protection and should enhance the survival of the bacterial population.Controlled laboratory experiments, epifluorescence microscopy, and Coulter counter analysis were used to examine and elucidate the inactivation mechanisms for the enteric bacteriumE. coli.In general, the survival ofE. coliwas found to be enhanced with increasing initial cell concentration in the absence of any suspended solid

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1990.tb01453.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDavyhulme sewage‐treatment works, which serves the Manchester drainage area, is one of the lagest in the UK. The dry‐weather flow is 300 000 m3/d, and the plant receives a wide range of industrial effluents. The works has been identified as a major source of pollution in the Mersey estuary, with an average discharge of 6500 kg ammonia/day. As part of its initiative to improve the Mersey estuary, North West Water intends to reduce the daily ammonia load from Davyhulme to about 1000 kg/d by 1995. In order to assess the capabilities of both conventional and novel processes to achieve this degree of ammonia removal, a number of on‐site pilot plants were established. This paper reports on the pilot‐plant studies and the selection of process options. Recommendations with regard to design parameters and final process selection ar

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1990.tb01454.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTaken in conjunction with the clauses added to the Water (Scotland) Act 1980 by the Water Act 1989 in respect of quality, as opposed to organizational terms, the introduction of the EC drinking water Directive1and the proposed water quality Regulations2represents the most fundamental change to Scottish water supply legislation since the Water (Scotland) Act 1946.The drinking water Directive1was passed by the European Council on 15 July 1980, with the requirement for full compliance by Member States by 18 July 1985.Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations for Scotland were circulated in draft form by the Scottish Development Department for informal consultation during September 1989. This had been preceded by informal consultation through the Convention of Scottish local authorities during the discussion stage of the UK Advisory Group on Drinking Water Regulations.This paper attempts to provide a simplified interpretation of the proposed Scottish Regulations on drinking water quality. It comments briefly on those requirements likely to have a significant impact on Scottish water authorities, including public communications, laboratory facilities, water treatment operational practices, and capital funding.

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1990.tb01455.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSir Edwin Chadwick, who has been recognized as the father of British sanitary science, died in 1890. This lecture commemorates the centenary of his death. It describes the appalling sanitary conditions existing in the early nineteenth century, traces the achievements made during the life of Chadwick, and reviews the influence these have had on the development of public‐health engineering in the UK and internationally in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The lecture concludes with some reflections on contemporary issues related to environmental health and the future role of the environmental enginee

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1990.tb01456.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY