摘要:

ABSTRACTReflecting on the North/South dialogue, I consider questions of global justice. I argue that questions of global justice are just as genuine as questions of domestic justice. A too narrow construal of the circumstances of justice leads to an arbitrary forestalling of questions of global justice. It isn't that we stand in conditions of reciprocal advantage that is crucial but that we stand in conditions of moral reciprocity. I first set out concerning the situation in the North and the South and the relations between them something of the facts in the case coupled with some interpretative sociology. Such investigations show massive disparities of wealth and condition between North and South and further show that these disparities have been exacerbated by the interventionist policies of the West. I then, while remaining mindful of the strains of commitment, argue that justice requires extensive redistribution between North and South but that this can be done without at all impoverishing the North, though to do so would indeed involve a radical re‐ordering of the socio‐economic system of the No

ISSN:0264-3758    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5930.1984.tb00001.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper is concerned with the philosophical foundations of parental rights. Some commonly held accounts are rejected. The question of whether parental rights are property rights is examined. It is argued that there are useful analogies with property rights which help us to see that the ultimate justification of parental rights lies in the special value of parenthood in human life. It is further argued that the idea of generation is essential to our understanding of parenthood as having special value and that parental rights properly belong, in the first instance, to natural parents.

ISSN:0264-3758    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5930.1984.tb00002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper is concerned with the question of whether an individual has a moral obligation to sign a protest petition which has been initiated on moral grounds. It is argued that there is such an obligation when the petition represents a viewpoint with which one broadly agrees.This is a general dury which may lapse with changed circumstances or which may be redeemed by some alternative action. It is argued that the duty to initiate a protest petition is, on the other hand, supererogatory as far as an individual is concerned, but may be a duty for a community or group. Finally it is argued that protest petitions are essentially protests, not against evil deeds as such, but against evil deeds done in one's own name, and are therefore a vital aspect of democracy.

ISSN:0264-3758    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5930.1984.tb00003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0264-3758    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5930.1984.tb00004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe late Richard Titmuss made a persuasive case against allowing the sale of human blood in his book, The Gift Relationship. His arguments have been developed further by Peter Singer in recent articles. While the issues of quantity and quality of blood under market and non‐market systems have received much attention, the moral and political aspects of the Titmuss‐Singer case have gone relatively unexamined. First, I question their claim that a donation‐only system promotes greater freedom, which rests on a confusion of liberty and opportunity. Next, I consider reasons for doubting their view that altruism is fostered significantly more under the non‐market approach. Finally, I survey recent developments in the quantity‐quality debate and possible implications of the blood controversy for national he

ISSN:0264-3758    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5930.1984.tb00005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper identifies four areas of conflict which arise in contemporary workplaces, conflict between management and workforce over initiative, especially with respect to decisions over choice of product and methods of production, over productivity and the response to declining demand, over innovation and technological redundancy, and over division of the company's income.All four types of conflict are traced to the existence of the employer/employee relationship, which generates these conflicts by perpetuating both real conflicts of interest and conflictual attitudes.The conflicts could be resolved if the employment relationship were abolished as the standard manner of participation in the economy. This paper argues for the abolition of the market for labour while retaining markets in goods, services, and capital, by the transformation of firms into production co‐operatives, in which partnership, not employment, is the normal relationship to the enterprise.The advantages of such a scheme are briefly touched on, and then some of the more obvious difficulties in implementing it are discussed. These include the Trade Union interest, problems of ownership and capital formation, recruitment questions, and capitalist resistanc

ISSN:0264-3758    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5930.1984.tb00006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis article discusses a particular problem with the race relations legislation: the fact that to show that discrimination has taken place one must prove not only that a person was unfavourably treated but that this was on the grounds of race. The article considers first whether grounds should be interpreted subjectively or objectively, and argues for an objective interpretation, partly to make proof easier, partly because no obvious injustice is done. Then it considers the kinds of evidence relevant to such a proof, and argues that in many cases, although not all, it is in fact available, at least for the level of proof on the balance of the probabilities, required for civil, as opposed to criminal, proceedings. It is concluded that difficult cases remain, but not as many, or as difficult, as might appear at first sight.

ISSN:0264-3758    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5930.1984.tb00007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe essay attacks the convention that a person should at any period in their life have not more than one sexual partner. The issues of the care of children and the desirability of a shared household are here bracketed out. The main argument proceeds by seeing conflicts between the requirement of exclusivity in sexual life, authenticity, and the principle that sexual communion should be an expression of love. A general social inertia, defined by the possessive introversion of couples, means that individuals will inevitably sometimes have to choose between sexual solitude and cultivating a more or less artificial relationship. The ideal of a single, central relationship is criticised on the grounds that (i) in some respects it is not desirable and (ii) it is in any case unrealistic to suppose that we can choose to create such an ideal relationship at will.

ISSN:0264-3758    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5930.1984.tb00008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn this essay, I argue that large‐scale technologies may be more threatening to open democratic institutions than to ecological systems. I describe the threat in terms of an alliance between bureacrats and entrepreneurs to govern society according to their own methods, e.g., cost‐benefit analysis, and thus to usurp the rule of law. In America, though not in England, blue‐collar and environmentalist constituencies have on occasion beaten back this threat, a triumph of democracy. I use ‘grid‐group’ theory, as developed by Mary Douglas and her students, to make these arguments about the relation between technology an

ISSN:0264-3758    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5930.1984.tb00009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTBecause of the existence of severely defective humans it is commonly held that whatever consideration is due to all humans is also due to many other animals, and that therefore speciesism, or the readiness to prefer the interest of humans to those of other animals, is unjustified. After criticism of this reasoning a ‘naturalised’ speciesism, acknowledging, for example, the affinities between species, is articulated and defended. A key to this defence is the separation of the task of specifying morally significant differences between humans and other animals from the task of justifying the extension of consideration to defective humans. The conclusion is that more traditional vices than speciesism are chiefly to blame for the shabby treatment of animals by hum

ISSN:0264-3758    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5930.1984.tb00010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY