ISSN:0919-6544    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1789.1996.tb00175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eleven cases with multiple spongy necrosis of the pontine base are reported and their clinicopathologic characteristics discussed. Seven of the cases occurred in men and four in women; age ranged from 42 to 90 years old. Eight patients had various types of cancer as background disease. Three patients received central nervous system (CNS) radiotherapy and six received chemotherapy. No consistent clinical factor (e.g., malignancy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, severe immunosuppressive state, specific laboratory data and infection) could be found among the cases. Neuropathological findings were characterized as multiple patchy spongy areas of the pontine base with loss of myelin and axons. There were few reactive gliosis or inflammatory changes. Many axonal swellings and a small number of macrophages were scattered in the lesions. Neurons and glial cells adjacent to these lesions were not affected, and calcification was not found. Almost all of the lesions existed in the transverse fibers of the basis pontis. In the literature, malignancy or toxicity due to CNS radiotherapy or chemotherapy was suspected to be the causative factor of these lesions. In our 11 cases, however, the lesions were also found in patients who had not received radiotherapy or chemotherapy. In contrast, the neuropathological findings of the lesions in our patients were similar in each case. Electronmicroscopically, the myelin sheath was seen to be swollen in the early stage of the lesion. Excluding malignancy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, there may be an additional unknown causative factor. Metabolic disturbances or toxic agents for myelin were suspected as causative factors.

ISSN:0919-6544    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1789.1996.tb00176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cerebral germinomas with granulomatous inflammation are rare lesions that can present diagnostic difficulties. Four cases (two male and two female) of germinomas with pronounced inflammatory reaction are presented. The age ranged from 14 to 21 years (mean 18). Three patients with vision defects had masses around the sellar region, and a long duration of symptoms (2, 4 and 5 years). The fourth patient had a mass in the temporal lobe; she had convulsions and the duration of her symptoms was short (3 weeks). All lesions consisted of inflammatory changes with scattered neoplastic germinoma cells that expressed placental alkaline phosphatase. The inflammation area occupied more than two‐thirds of the mass, and consisted of macrophages and their syncytial forms of mutinucleated giant cells, T‐cells, B‐cells, plasma cells, fibroblasts, and histiocytes or glial cells. Sarcoid granulomata were frequently seen, and multinucleated giant cells with Schaumann's bodies were also visible. The term ‘cerebral granulomatous germinoma’ is proposed for these unusual tumors. Moreover, it is likely that the study of cerebral granulomatous germinoma may provide some important clues towards the understanding of granulomatous inflammation in organs i

ISSN:0919-6544    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1789.1996.tb00177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We investigated the changes in the cerebellar cortex of adult rats after oral administration of 10mg/kg per day methylmercury (MeHg) for 10 consecutive days. Using a light microscope, darkly stained granule cells were shown to first appear on day 4 after the final dose, and increased in number thereafter. On day 11, many granule cells became degenerated, whereas the Purkinje cells were well preserved. Ultrastructural investigation revealed swelling of the parallel fiber synaptic boutons (the axonal terminals of granule cells), as early as on day 2, although the cell bodies and parallel fibers showed no obvious change. From day 8, in addition to the swollen boutons, many electron‐dense boutons were observed. The dendritic spines of the Purkinje cells (i.e. the postsynaptic structures of parallel fibers), showed no obvious change at any stage. Immunohistochemistry for synaptic vesicle‐specific protein (SVP) demonstrated a decrease of granular labeling in the molecular layer from day 8 onwards. Immunohistochemical expression of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate 3‐kinase (IP3K), which is known to be associated with the spine, was constant throughout. It is considered that the SVP and IP3K profiles correspond well to the ultrastructural features of the pre‐and postsynaptic structures, respectively. In conclusion, this study shows that MeHg intoxication of the granule cells in adult rats initially induces morphological change in the synaptic boutons, the degeneration of which does not involve the dendritic spines of the Purkinje cells transneuronally at least for the survival

ISSN:0919-6544    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1789.1996.tb00178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This report concerns unusual central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities in female cephalothoracopagus twins delivered after 29 weeks of pregnancy, and who died soon after birth. The two bodies, fused to a single umbilical cord, had one head and face, and four arms and four legs. Thorax, lungs, heart, esophagus and stomach were shared by both. In the CNS, there was one cerebrum with two separate pontes, cerebella, medulla oblongatae and spinal cords, which were set at 60d̀ to each other. The diencephalon was shared by the twins. In each brain stem, the nuclei of motor trigeminal, abducent, facial and hypoglossal nerves were rudimentary on the conjoined sides, but the neurons in other nuclei such as the locus ceruleus, pontine nucleus, superior and inferior olivary nuclei, and the area postrema were preserved bilaterally. The pyramidal tract in the brain stem and spinal cord was affected only on the conjoined side. These brain anomalies provide valuable information for investigations dealing with CNS development

ISSN:0919-6544    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1789.1996.tb00179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This report describes cerebral cortical dysplasia in a 20 week fetus, aborted as a result of the prenatal genetic analysis which provided evidence of Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD). The histological appearance of the brain of this fetus was similar to that of previously described cases. However, cortical dysplasia was less severe in this 20 week fetus, and the interesting finding was the existence of a leptomeningeal lesion probably preceding dysplasia. In this case, abnormal findings were found mainly in the cerebral surface, and maturation of the brain seemed appropriate for the gestational age. Furthermore, periodic acid‐methenamine‐silver‐positive linear structure of the cerebral surface was disrupted irregularly. These findings suggest that defects in the pial‐glial barrier of the cerebral surface may play a cardinal role for the genesis of cortical dysplasia. It is suggested that the extracortical abnormal tissue would be detectable morphologically at least in the 12‐13th week because cells considered as subpial granular cells were contained in the lesion. This report on the brain of a fetus with FCMD provides information on relatively early central nervous system alterations in this disease, and may be of importance in clarifying their pat

ISSN:0919-6544    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1789.1996.tb00180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Small, round eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions jin the constituent neuronal cells of a gangliocytomatous nodule found in a temporal lobe glioneuronal lesion of a 17‐year‐old boy with intractable complex ipartial seizures is described. These inclusions, measuring several micrometers in diameter, were often multiple in the neuronal cells, forming clusters with a bead‐ or ribbon‐like appearance. Characteristically, they often showed clear areas within them. An ultrastuctural study using selected light microscopic sections revealed that they were electron dense, granular structures with or without fingerprints‐like multilamellar profiles, and often contained a number of translucent inner areas. These inclusions with and without fingerprint‐like multilamellar profiles appeared to be similar to the previously described multilamellar inclusions and Bunina bodies, respectively. The present finding is of great interest when considering that Bunina bodies are a pathological hallmark of amlyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and that in some patients with ALS, the concurrence of multilamellar inclusions and Bunina bodies in the same neurons has bee

ISSN:0919-6544    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1789.1996.tb00181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0919-6544    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1789.1996.tb00182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0919-6544    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1789.1996.tb00183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0919-6544    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1789.1996.tb00184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY