摘要:

ABSTRACTDecisions to persist with losing courses of action known as escalation have been widely studied, albeit mainly in an experimental context. Comparatively little is known about the conditions under which de‐escalation occurs. Utilizing a model of de‐escalation derived from the literature the present study examines, by means of a case study, a decision to withdraw from a losing predicament. It is concluded that while de‐escalation is likely to occur where the opposite conditions thought to be conducive to persistence apply, existing models under‐emphasize the importance of power. Accordingly a modified version of Bowen's two‐factor model is

ISSN:0022-2380    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1995.tb00776.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTInformation technology (IT) may be defined as computer‐based technology for the storage, accessing, processing and communication of information. Many writers have suggested that the use of IT should improve strategic decisions and have developed a number of propositions about the effects of IT on strategic decision making. However, no study has yet addressed the specific effects of IT on major phases of this process. Using Mintzberg, Raisinghani and Theoret's (1976, ‘The structure of unstructured decision processes’,Administrative Science Quarterly, 21, 2, 246–75) strategic decision‐making model, this study assessed the effects of IT on the major phases of the process through an intensive examination of eight decisions in four companies. the results of the study provide new information on the specific ways IT improves decision‐making efficiency and effectiveness at each stage of the strategic decis

ISSN:0022-2380    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1995.tb00777.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper seeks to identify variables which explain variations in budget allocations in a UK university using a pooled database relating to two periods: one of resource availability, the other of resource scarcity. the results over both periods indicate, consistent with previous research, that a combination of workload and power proxies explains a very high proportion of budget allocations. However, analysis of the two periods revealed that: (i) incremental budgeting, which was observed to be in operation during the period of resource availability, was not supplanted by comprehensive budgeting during the period of resource scarcity, (ii) the impact of power proxies on budget allocation did not materially change in response to changes in levels of resource availability, and (iii) compared with internally based power, externally based power (as proxied) had neither a greater impact on resource allocation during the period of resource scarcity nor a lower impact during the period of resource availability as hypothesized.

ISSN:0022-2380    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1995.tb00778.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTEntrepreneurs often turn to outsiders for financial assistance. Venture capitalists represent an outside source of finance that generally takes an active interest in managing the firm. Two common practices within the venture capital industry are co‐investing and staged financing. Responding to the call for more process research which examines the deal structuring and post‐investment stages of venture capital involvement, this research utilized a case study approach to explore salient features and themes that emerged in a relationship involving entrepreneurs and multiple co‐investors in a new firm start‐up. Central findings of the study included: penetrating the venture capital network is a significant first step in securing financial resources and, intriguingly, relationships supersede business plans in securing these resources; paradoxically, venture capitalists establish milestones and tight time‐lines yet inadvertently contribute to many of the delays experienced by a start‐up firm; the operating logic of venture capital networks, constrained by the hierarchical structures of their constituents, may be incompatible with the needs of a start‐up firm; activities within the deal structuring and post‐investment stages are more dynamic and iterative than current models suggest; and, staged financing, when combined with multiple venture partners, requires a clear understanding of each party's collaborative role in

ISSN:0022-2380    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1995.tb00779.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTStrategic partnering and the analysis of strategic groups are two issues which enjoy a growing interest from industrial economists as well as from strategic management scholars. This contribution focuses on two related topics in the discussion on strategic group formation. the first subject addresses the relevance of strategic groups for understanding industry heterogeneity. the other topic covers the question whether companies from particular strategic groups establish strategic links with each other, or whether intra‐group rivalry leads to inter‐firm cooperation across strategic groups. Although it appears neglected in the literature the possible linking of the analysis of strategic groups with corporate network studies could generate further understanding of the process of strategic group formation. the present contribution focuses on the international information technology industry in order to study the possible symmetry of the structure of strategic group formation and parallel inter‐firm networks of strategic partnering empiri

ISSN:0022-2380    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1995.tb00780.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis research elaborates a theory which explains how Japanese‐managed organizations use rewards to encourage individuals to co‐operate in organizational goal achievement. I contend that in Japanese organizations the small work group and the community of fate ideology are important intermediary social constructs between individuals and rewards. I illustrate this model by showing that at Toyota Motor Manufacturing in Kentucky, rewards are not tied directly to individual performance, but instead are used to nurture the bonds within the work team and to reinforce belief in the community of fate ideology. the work team and belief in the community of fate ideology in turn, positively impact individual co‐operation in organizational goal achievement thereby enhancing the influence of the rewards on indivi

ISSN:0022-2380    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1995.tb00781.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY