ISSN:0022-2380    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00037.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis article provides a conceptual framework for understanding industrial crises. These crises are organizationally‐based disasters which cause extensive damage and social disruption, involve multiple stakeholders, and unfold through complex technological, organizational and social processes. The characteristics of industrial crises are illustrated through a comparison of three diverse crises ‐ the Bhopal disaster, the Tylenol poisonings, and the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger. Relationships among these characteristics are presented in a model of industrial crisis. Some issues for further research are identif

ISSN:0022-2380    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSensemaking in crisis conditions is made more difficult because action that is instrumental to understanding the crisis often intensifies the crisis. This dilemma is interpreted from the perspective that people enact the environments which constrain them. It is argued that commitment, capacity, and expectations affect sensemaking during crisis and the severity of the crisis itself. It is proposed that the core concepts of enactment may comprise an ideology that reduces the likelihood of crisis.

ISSN:0022-2380    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00039.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe Challenger disaster illustrates the effects of repeated successes, gradual acclimatization, and the differing responsibilities of engineers and managers. Past successes and acclimatization alter decision‐makers’ beliefs about probabilities of future success. Fine‐tuning processes result from engineers’ and managers’ pursuing partially inconsistent goals while trying to learn from their experiences. Fine‐tuning reduces probabilities of success, and it continues until a serious fai

ISSN:0022-2380    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00040.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-2380    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00041.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-2380    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00042.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe crisis management of disasters does not follow automatically from disaster planning. Research has shown that successful disaster management results primarily from the activities of emergency organizations. In particular, there are management problems with respect to the communication process, the exercise of authority, and the development of co‐ordination.There are at least five different areas of difficulties in the communication process, namely, intra‐ and inter‐organizational behaviours between organizations, from organizations to the public, from the public to organizations, and within systems of organizations. Exercise of authority difficulties stem from losses of higher echelon personnel because of over‐work, conflict regarding authority over new disaster tasks, and clashes over organizational jurisdictional differences. Co‐ordination difficulties come from lack of consensus among organizations, working on common but new disaster‐related tasks, and difficulties in achieving overall co‐ordination in any community disaster that is of any magnitude. Prior planning can limit these management difficulties but cannot completely eliminat

ISSN:0022-2380    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-2380    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY