摘要:

AbstractPreliminary experiments using a range of bulking agents, moisture contents, nutrients, cosubstrates and inocula were undertaken to determine suitable ingredients for the successful composting of a heavy oil refinery sludge. The best ingredients were then chosen for a detailed study of the CO2evolution rate and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) reduction versus time during the composting process. The initial TPH content of the refinery sludge was found to be 30% (mainly C15‐C30), two thirds of which were saturates and aromatics that were thought to be biodegradable. The results show a significantly higher TPH reduction using Solv‐II (55% reduction) as a bulking agent/nutrient source compared to heat‐treated peat moss and barley straw (both at 30% reduction). The CO2evolution was high with Solv‐II and barley straw indicating the presence of high microbial activities in those com

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.670170115

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1998

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPetroleum as processed in a typical refinery has acid components which must either be eliminated or substantially reduced in concentration prior to the final product stage. These acid components consist of both organic and inorganic fractions. The principal inorganic components include sulfur and hydrogen sulfide, with the organic components being cresylic and napthenic acids and mercaptides. These are either components of the crude oil or are created during the refining process. Removal of these components can be accomplished by caustic scrubbing or extraction which produces water soluble salts of the acid components and effectively separates them from the hydrocarbon stream.

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.670170116

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1998

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring the mid‐1970s, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and Development conceptualized and began development of a mobile incineration system that could be used for the cleanup of spilled hazardous materials or of abandoned dump sites. Based on the development and demonstration of the EPA mobile incinerator, private industry developed their own mobile systems. As the need to clean up large Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) sites progressed and as the market became more competitive, the “mobile” concept developed into a “transportable” concept with the systems becoming much larger than the initial E

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.670170117

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1998

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes the design of a fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) piping system which transports groundwater extracted from 43 wells at the site of a former chemical manufacturing plant in Toms River, New Jersey. This system conveys an average flow of 2.7 million gallons per day of groundwater contaminated with aromatics, chlorinated hydrocarbons and metals through seven miles of pipeline to a biological and physical treatment plant. The piping system, shown in Figure 1 exceeds the scale typically seen in most groundwater remediation projects, with respect to length, number of wells and volume of water treated.The groundwater extraction system is a manifold piping network that consists of the 43 wells and associated pumps, piping and controls and is capable of conveying 150% of the average flow. All piping within plant boundaries is above ground. Offsite piping is installed below ground and is double walled. Leak detection devices are installed below ground in manways along the buried pipe route. Discharge piping from well pumps is tied into manifolds which go to the groundwater treatment plant.This paper describes design choices significantly affecting the system construction, piping system components, design procedures and significant lessons learned in the construction of the system. System design commenced in 1993, was completed in 1995 and system construction was finished in 1996.

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.670170118

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1998

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper investigates the efficacy of lean‐burn NOxreduction catalysts using hydrocarbon as the reductant. A system was constructed to deliver diesel fuel ahead of a monolith catalyst treating the exhaust from a late‐model diesel engine loaded with an engine dynamometer. One of the three prototype catalysts showed significant NOxreduction capability of about 15% during steady‐state and transient conditions. Another catalyst showed reduction only under steady‐state conditions, and the third catalyst showed no reduction under either condition. The system was not optimized so the observed 9 to 13% fuel economy penalty should be regarded as an uppe

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.670170119

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1998

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe US EPA has developed emmission factors for estimating the emissions of filterable particulate, total organic compounds, and carbon monoxide from asphalt blowing operations. These are published by the EPA in a series called AP‐42, which contain factors for many manufacturing processes. The emission factors for asphalt blowing are acknowledged by the EPA to be of poor quality. Owens Corning has taken extensive data in various manufacturing facilities and an asphalt pilot plant to provide more information on air emissions from these operations. The results of that work clearly show that the current AP‐42 emission factors for asphalt processed by air blowing are dificient in that they omit significant emissions of SOxand HCl, overestimate particulate and CO emissions, and potentially underestimate both VOC and NOxemissions. In fact, SOx, which is not addressed by AP‐42, is the major air emission contributed by the fumes from the asphalt blowing process when those fumes are incinerated. The sources of SOxfrom air blowing are discussed in detail in this paper. The impact of incineration temperature on carbon monoxide is also illustrated. With the exception of HCl, the hazardous air pollutants encountered in the asphalt blowing process are mi

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.670170120

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1998

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.670170101

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1998

数据来源: WILEY