ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.3300160302

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.3300160303

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.3300160304

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.3300160306

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.3300160307

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.3300160308

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.3300160309

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA water quality GIS/database has been developed for the Mississippi River within the state of Louisiana. Existing ambient water quality data (1.3 million records) and records of river stage and discharge for the river and its tributaries have been acquired from government agencies, industry, and research projects. Data were initially reviewed to validate information quality. They have been incorporated into an Oracle® database created to provide rapid data searches and retrieval of information through a menu‐format user interface. Descriptive information about sample collection and analysis methods are included, as well as government advisory criteria which provide ecological and human health perspectives to assist in data interpretation. GIS software utilizes electronic base maps which have been developed in Arc/Info® and ArcView® data formats to generate geographic displays and graphical representations of the data. Examples of the capabilities of the system are included for data on mercury, phosphates, and nitrates. The temporal trends in the concentrations of representative water quality parameters are tabulated for a selected segment of the r

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.3300160310

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center evaluated the performance of two pilot‐scale ultraviolet/oxidation systems for treatment of nitroglycerin production wastewater, Solarchem Environmental Systems and Peroxidation Systems, Inc. A commercial‐scale system was purchased from Solarchem and its performance compared to that of the pilot‐scale system using standard reaction kinetics procedures. The first‐order reaction rate expression for nitroglycerin decomposition was developed for the commercial‐scale Solarchem system.Studies were conducted using the commercial‐scale UV/oxidation system to determine the treatment by‐products from nitroglycerin decomposition. Nitroglycerin and partially nitrated derivatives of nitroglycerin, inorganic nitrates, nitrites, and ammonia, and total organic carbon analyses were conducted to determine the extent of nitroglycerin decomposition and probable by‐products.Studies were also conducted on nitroguanidine wastewater to determine the effectiveness of UV/oxidation wastewater treatment for the nitroguanidine pro

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.3300160311

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA small (<8,000 m3/day,<50,000 bbl/day) petroleum refinery was having difficulty in complying with the 200 μg/L total cyanide limit in its NPDES permit. In addition, extensive cyanide corrosion was found during a turnaround of the fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU). Finally, the refinery was facing a NPDES permit renewal, in which the new total cyanide limit was expected to be 1.0 μg/L, the water quality standard for marine waters. The refinery, therefore, had both environmental and economic incentives for reducing cyanide in its FCCU process wastewater. The refinery undertook a multi‐faceted approach to its cyanide problem, including consideration of source treatment, stripped sour water treatment, end‐of‐pipe treatment optimization, and discharge permit modification. This paper addresses the source characterization and treatment activities that were conducted as a part of the strategy.Although the generation of cyanide in the FCC process is well documented, quantification of cyanides has historically been difficult due to analytical interferences from the high levels of sulfides in condensate streams from the unit. Measurements of cyanide by traditional analytical methods can be in error by orders of magnitude, and proper implementation of control technologies can be a guessing game. As a result, effective control techniques such as polysulfide injection are often avoided because of potential process upset.Modified analytical techniques for cyanide (both free and total) and thiocyanate in refinery sour water and hydrocarbon liquids were developed. Water and hydrocarbon samples from the FCCU product distillation and gas compression systems were analyzed with these techniques, and a cyanide mass balance was developed. From the results, the following conclusions were drawn:•With certain process configurations, cyanides can spread far beyond the immediate condensate streams.•The amount of cyanide generated in an FCCU may be higher than normally anticipated.•Simple modifications to the existing system have the potential to substantially reduce cyanides, especially iron‐complexed cyanides.•Source treatment with polysulfide can be optimized with these improved analytical techniques.•Polysulfide treatment at non‐traditional, less risky locations may be adequate for meeting effluent discharge requirements.•The degree of treatment required will also depend on final NPDES permit limitations. Negotiation of favorable limits can substantially reduce treatment needs.Follow‐up studies to further optimize cy

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.3300160312

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY