ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.670180202

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.670180203

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.670180205

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.670180206

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.670180207

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.670180208

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.670180209

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCompliance with new legislation in Europe and United States requires retrofitting of scrubbing technology on a large number of existing waste‐to‐energy plants to control emissions of acid gases, dioxins/furans and heavy metals, especially mercury.This paper describes the gas suspension absorber (GSA) dry scrubbing technology developed by FLS miljø a/s, Denmark. GSA is a new generation of the semi‐dry technology utilizing a circulating fluidized bed as absorber for acid gases, dioxin and heavy metals. The paper describes the GSA technology and focuses on the GSA as retrofit technology for waste‐to‐energy plants. The advantages of retrofitting the GSA upstream of an existing electrostatic precipitator are highlighted.A description of the operating experience with GSA technology for waste‐to‐energy plants and performance test results for particulate, acid gases, dioxins and mercury removal from several European waste‐to‐energy plants is g

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.670180210

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA tubular plasma reactor was used to evaluate the feasibility of oxidizing nitric oxide (NO) by corona discharge. The DC corona completely oxidized 115 ppm of NO to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in an air stream at a voltage of 11 kV. The NO2was further oxidized to nitrate at a voltage of 13 kV. In some cases, the residual NO2in the effluents of the plasma reactor was removed quantitatively by absorption in aqueous causticsodium sulfite. The outlet concentrations of both NO and NO2from the combined corona discharge and aqueous absorption system were beyond the detection limit of a chemiluminescent NOxanalyzer. Both NO oxidation and NO2absorption were confirmed in a pilot‐scale wet tubular electrostatic precipitator (WESP) that has a 4‐foot high corona discharge section and a 5‐foot high gas absorption section. The flue gas from the sewage sludge incinerator, containing 8 ppm NO and 78 ppm NO2, was tested in the system. The WESP was energized with a pulsed power supply to avoid premature spark‐over. In the plasma discharge section, 79% of the NO2was reduced while virtually 100% of the NO was oxidized at a pulse voltage of 55 kV. The outlet concentration of NO2from the absorption section wa

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.670180211

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLong‐term, stable operation of trickle‐bed bioreactors remains desirable but is difficult to achieve for industrial processes, which generate continuous streams of dilute gaseous hydrocarbons. Mass transfer and kinetics parameters are difficult to measure, complicating predictive estimates. Two methods are presented which were used to predict the importance of mass transfer versus kinetics limitations in operating trickle‐bed biofilters. Both methods altered the overall activity of the biofilter and estimated the effective mass transfer coefficient (KLa) by varying the VOC (volatile organic contaminant) loading rate and concentration. The first method altered the total bed temperature of a well‐established biofilter to effect a change. The second method, used with developing biofilters possessing low biomass, involved addition of cultured biomass to the recirculating liquid to effect an overall change in VOC removal capacity. Results and modeling from these experiments are presented for a mixed culture trickle‐bed bioreactor that is capable of consuming sparingly soluble alkanes, such as pentane and isobutane. Methods to control overgrowth are discussed which were used to operate one reactor continuously for over 24 months with sustained degradation of volatile alkanes with a rate of 50

ISSN:0278-4491    

DOI:10.1002/ep.670180212

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY