摘要:

ABSTRACTThe paper presents and tests a new model of migration which differs significantly from the conventional disequilibrium approach. We show that variations in rates of gross migration across regions are equilibrium responses to variations in levels of amenities, governmental policies, etc. The model is tested using data on the gross migration of whites, 1975‐80, together with amenities such as climate and with economic variables such as government services, taxes and unionization. Empirical results suggest that the equilibrium model is more consistent with actual migration patterns than is the conventional disequilibrium approach. We estimate compensating differentials and migration elasticities for these variable

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1989.tb01229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe Todaro paradox and the effects of job creation in urban areas will be re‐examined in our spatial model in which the radius of the labor market is endogenously determined by the rational choices of workers. The travel cost of workers plays a crucial role in the choice between two different types of response, migration or commuting. By considering travel costs, we find that the Todaro paradox can be applied to developed, as well as developing, countries. Job creation in urban areas can produce a paradoxical increase in urban unemployment in developed countries, because the low marginal cost of travel will significantly increase the radius of the urban labor market and create new labor supply without migratio

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1989.tb01230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTVector autoregression models are used to analyze the relationships between Texas and Illinois corn prices, and the New Orleans export price. Decomposition of error variances suggests an increasing exogeneity in the recent years between the export market and the two U.S. markets. Impulse response functions indicate that the export price influences both the Illinois and Texas prices.

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1989.tb01231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWe develop an objective methodology for forming large regions (called macroregions) from small regions (microregions). We observe that the aggregation of microregions in an interregional input‐output model causes aggregation error in the model. Our optimal regions are those that cause aggregation error to be minimized. We apply our methodology to Canada, and we compare our optimal regions for Canada to those of Statistics Canada and to those obtained using the well‐known heuristic of Kossov. Statistics Canada's regions as well as those produced using Kossov's technique are characterized by substantially greater aggregation error than are those produced with our methodol

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1989.tb01232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWe present in this paper a plausible and simple method of estimating the two components (frictional and excess supply) of unemployment. This approach uses a stochastic model whose error term is composed of two elements–the usual two‐sided error and a one‐sided error. Our method has several strengths. First, we are able to explicitly model the universally held view that there is a nonzero lower bound on unemployment. Second, we can easily determine whether each region's unemployment rate is caused primarily by excess supply or frictional forces. We illustrate our technique on a data set comprised of all 50 states over the period 1960‐1979. Finally, estimation of the frictional rates of unemployment allows us to analyze, in the last part of the paper, the underlying economic and demographic determinants of differences in frictional unemployment rates across states and ov

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1989.tb01233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn arid regions, managing water efficiently among competing demands depends critically on measuring comparable economic values of each end use. Unfortunately, it has been difficult to measure recreational values of water in the arid western U.S. These difficulties result from open spaces, few sites, and low incomes typical of the region. We examine whether water used for recreation can economically compete with agriculture. We accomplish this objective by extending the travel cost model to account for conditions unique to arid environments. We use demand systems theory to estimate a regional travel cost model which accounts for travel time, substitute sites, and discretionary travel cost. Findings from New Mexico's Pecos River Basin reveal recreational values of water which are 4040 percent higher than would result from conventional travel cost methodology. Measured recreation values of $130 per acre‐foot compare with equivalent values of water in irrigated agriculture of $25–$40 per acre

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1989.tb01234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA model of private local labor demand and interjurisdictional migration is presented and estimated using data from Swedish counties and municipalities for 1979‐84. Our goal is to compare the effects on local labor markets of distinctive public‐sector programs with those of traditional market variables. We find that local income taxes and tax‐equalization grants have important effects on local labor markets; regional development policy measures and geographical‐mobility subsidies do not. Thus, recent efforts scaling back some of these programs may not materially alter the regional economy's performance. Wages and other traditional market variables are also often found to influence significantly local labor

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1989.tb01235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper uses a logit model of consumer choice to examine how changes in the spatial behavior of rural consumers will affect the commercial base of smaller urban places. Various socio‐economic changes in a region can be expected to cause a number of behavioral changes, including changes in where people work and shop. The analysis presented in the paper emphasizes the importance of location to the commercial prospects of small trade centers as consumers become more spatially mobile and engage in more multipurpose shopping. Places that are centrally located have the best prospects for ensuring that functions are either maintained or suffer the least decline as a result of competition from higher‐order centers. Remoter locations will be adversely affected by these competitive pressu

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1989.tb01236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book review in This Article:Geographical Systems and Systems of Geography: Essasy in Honour of William Warntz, edited by William J. Coffey.Urban Development: Theory, Fact, and Illusion, by J. Vernon Henderson.The Economics of a Regulated Housing Market, by Alex Anas, Goran Cars, Joong Rae Cho, Bjorn Harsman, Ulf Jirlow, and Folke Snickars.Homeowners and Neighborhood Reinvestment, by George C. Galster.Real Estate Market Analysis: Methods and Applications, edited by John M. Clapp and Stephen D. Messner.Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns, by Rodney Vaughan.Class and Space: The Making of Urban Society, edited by Nigel Thrift and Peter Williams.The Metropolis Era: Vol. 1, A World of Giant Cities and Vol. 2, Mega‐Cities, edited by Mattei Dogan and John D. Kasarda.Berlin: The Spatial Structure of a Divided City, by Thomas H. Elkins with Burkhard Hofmeister.Job Creation in America, by David Birch.Federalism and the Economic Union in Canada, by K. Norrie, R. Simeon, and M. Krasnick.Perspectives on the Canadian Economic Union, by M. Krasnick (research coordinator

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1989.tb01237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1989.tb01238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY