摘要:

AbstractThe chemical engineer frequently has to correlate kinetic data for heterogeneous reactions simply and accurately in order to make useful predictions of reaction rates over a range of conditions. The Langmuir‐Hinshelwood approach, which is frequently used for this purpose, does not have the theoretical validity commonly attributed to it, and its use leads to unnecessary mathematical complexity. A simpler method of analysis is suggested which is based on power dependencies of the rate on concetrations, the powers being restricted to integral of half‐integral values. The data for several reactions are shown to be adquately correlated by the suggested procedure, which is simple and conveni

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690020112

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe wide applicability of the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood classical kinetics to surfaces which are known to depart strongly from ideal Langmuir behavior is a well‐known paradox of surface catalysis. The applicability and limitations of the classical method are illustrated by means of a simple reaction. The generality of the method is demonstrated by its applicability to ammonia synthesis with and without water vapor. The limitations are often more than compensated for by the added insight into reaction mechanism which it can provide without unded complexity. A three‐step approach to surface kinetics is suggested and disc

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690020113

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData correlations are presented for equilibrium adsorption of pure hydrocarbon vapors and their mixtures. The systems represented are C1to C4hydrocarbons (olefins and paraffins) on gas‐adsorbent grades of activated charcoal. The mixture data are limited to binary and ternary gas systems. The adsorption conditions represented among the correlated data cover ranges of 77° to 175°F. temperature and 0 to 100 lb./sq. in. gauge. With the use of empirical adsorption constants, a common correlation of specific adsorption capacity for the various hydrocarbons is presented; it applies for either pure components or their mixtures. A correlation is given also for adsorption relative volatilities. Approximate adsorption heats, a limited amount of high‐temperature steam adsorption data, and sample calculations on applications of the correlations are included. The prediction methods are recommended for adsorption conditions up to 250°F. and 250 lb/sq. in. gauge for the particular systems s

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690020114

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn equation for correlating regeneration process variables in fluid‐catalytic cracking has been developed from pilot plant data. This equation takes into account not only the chemical‐reaction rate for burning coke deposited on the catalyst but also the diffusional resistance to oxygen transfer. The resistance presumably occurs between the bubbles within the fluidized bed and the void spaces in the relatively denser mass of particles. The coefficient of mass transfer was found to be inversely proportional to the 1.5 power of the average particle diameter and directly proportional to the square of the gas mass velocity. The specific reaction‐verlocity constant was found to be a function to temperature and catalyst activity as well as the nature of the feed from which the coke was deposited. Comparison of pilot plant data with commercial data suggests that nonuniform gas distribution in larger beds makes some of the catalyst ineffe

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690020115

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInternally agitated extraction columns generally require increasing heights for a theoretical state for the larger column diameters. The present work describes a design developed to minimize this objection and presents the performance data on a system considered easy to extract and on systems considered difficult to extract. H.E.T.S. values as low as 3 in. on the first system and 4 in. on the second type of system were obtained in an 11½ in I.D. glass column. The stage efficiencies were correlated as a function of power input per unit volume of solvent throughput and the ratio of the flow rate of the dispersed phase to that of the continous phases. The supplementary effect of packing was studied and found to be most beneficial in the system which has a low interfacial tension and is considered easy to extract. By the use of this particular arrangement of internal baffles, it is believed possible, in the larger diameter columns, to reduce the height to a ratio of H.E.T.S. to diameter below the value of ¼ obtained in the present colum

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690020116

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFluid flow data are presnted for beds of uniformly sized spheres consolidated with resin over a porosity range from 36.4 to 12.3%. The data are analyzed in terms of an effective pore volume and equations are given for predicting pressure drop by use of a friction‐factor‐Reynolds‐number

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690020117

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690020118

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA theoretical equation is presented for predicting the specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure of organic liquids as a function of temperature from data on the velocity of sound, infrared and Raman spectra. By use of this equation, the average deviation of the calculated from the experimental values of specific heat for 100 organic liquids at 68°F. is ±1.5%.An alternate correlation for hydrocarbon liquids based on a modified statement of the theory of corresponding states is also presented. Based on it, the average deviation of the calculated from the experimental values for 100 points representing the entire temperature range is ±0.

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690020119

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn apparatus for the determination of relative permeability under simulated reservoir conditions has been designed, constructed, and operated successfully. Complete water‐oil relative‐permeability data, with kerosene and simulated reservoir brine have been taken on four natural‐sandstone cores at fluid pressures to 5,000 1b./sq. in. and overburden pressures to 10,000 1b./sq. in. One run was made at low pressure at a temperature of 160°F. for comparison with the results at low temperature. The apparatus is now being expanded so that gas‐oil relative‐permeability data may be taken, and crude oil containing gas in solution may be employed as the oil phase.The results indicate that essentially the same water‐oil relative‐permeability data are obtained at fluid pressures of 5,000 1b./sq. in. as at 30 1b./sq. in. gauge. The application of overburden pressure causes a reduction in both water and oil effective permeability in about the same proportion as it affects the single‐phase permeability. Consequently the calculated relative permeabilities are affected to only a moderate extent. The results of the one run at 160°F. were in good agreement with the values obtained at

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690020120

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe object of this study has been the measurement of concentration profiles of water vapor in a wetted‐wall column with fully developed turbulent pipe flow of air for several positions downstream of the inlet. The air Reynolds number was 25,000. The mathematical formulation of this problem involves the Navier‐Stokes equations and the mass transfer equation with a boundary condition of constant concentration at the wall. No attempt has been made toward an analytical solution of this problem, as the exact solution of the turbulence problem has not been developed. Instead, values of the mass and momentum transfer correlation,urh, andurux, have been computed as a function of the radius. The eddy diffusivity for momentum and mass and the local mass transfer rates are shown for engineering purpo

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690020121

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY