摘要:

AbstractThe ideas and techniques discussed in Part I of this ReviewPart I of this paper was published in the July, 1972,AIChE Journal.are extended to the modeling of nonlinear lumped and distributed systems. Troublesome numerical and computational difficulties are examined, and recommendations for the alleviation of these difficulties are made. Particular emphasis is placed on the stability of system models constructed with the Tether method. Highly successful modeling of realistic systems are presented numerically.

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690180503

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe problem of mercury losses from chlorine plants is reviewed. The mercury material balance is difficult to establish because mercury escapes from the process by a number of routes. Some of the reasons for the mercury emissions are explored, and some problems involved in the measurement of mercury in various effluents are discussed.A number of mercury containment processes for specific streams have already been proposed, but the need for an integrated mercury recycle policy still exists.

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690180504

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe equilibrium distribution of mercuric chloride between aqueous sodium chloride solutions and a solution of tri‐isooctylamine in xylene has been measured. The dependence onpH, amine concentration, mercury level, and temperature has been determined. At lowpH mercury is extracted quite effectively with a distribution coefficient as high as 2,000. At highpH the mercury can be stripped from the organic solution. This extraction system offers the possibility of an effective mercury separation process for chlorine plant brines or chloride‐based mercury leach liquors.A theoretical model of the extraction equilibria is developed to facilitate interpolation of the experimental d

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690180505

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe combination of optimization theory and thermodynamics was used to develop a fast, reliable computerized procedure for predicting or representing multicomponent liquid‐liquid phase equilibrium. Both the Renon and Black activity coefficient equations were compared with experimental data using the procedure. Experimental data for three quarternary systems from the literature were examined. Prediction of ternary data from binary data is not very reliable, although ternary data can nearly always be represented by adjustment of the predicted binary constants. Quarternary data can be predicted from accurate ternary representations of similar species provided the additional compound is from the same family group. The Renon equation is recommended rather than the Black equatio

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690180506

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBased on a Lagrangian interpolation, a heuristic scheme is developed for the inversion of certain types of Laplace transforms and is applied to the solution of problems of interest to chemical engineers for which the exact solution is either very difficult or impossible to obtain. The solutions thus obtained are in good agreement with exact values, when available, for initial values of the transformed independent variable and may therefore be used as approximations. Three illustrative examples are presented.

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690180507

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMass transfer into dilute polymeric solutions was studied by using a short wetted‐wall column. Oxygen was absorbed into thin films of water and aqueous polymeric solutions. The polymer systems studied included dilute solutions of carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene oxide, Carbopol, and Cyanamer. All of the above systems were moderately non‐Newtonian with power law indexes less than unity. Methocel (a Newtonian fluid with a power law index of one) was also studied. The flow of liquid films was well within the laminar flow regime.The rheological properties of these solutions as well as equilibrium solubility of oxygen in these solutions were determined. In all of the polymer systems studied except Polyox the equilibrium so ubility of oxygen decreased with an increase in polymer concentration. In Polyox solutions, however, the equilibrium solubility of oxygen increased with an increase in polymer concentration.For all of the systems investigated (including Polyox) the mass transfer coefficient for absorption of oxygen at a given flow rate decreased with an increase in polymer concentration. The mass transfer coefficient was highest for water at all flow rates.The diffusivity of oxygen in all of the systems considered except Polyox was lower than that in water. This was attributed to the increased viscosity of the polymeric solutions. The diffusivity of oxygen in Polyox solutions was higher than it was in water. This was found to be due to the complex chemical reactions which occur in this system. In all of the pseudoplastic systems studied the diffusivity of oxygen increased with increasing wall shear rate (decreasing viscosi

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690180508

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractContact angles are reported for the azeotropic systems n‐propanol‐water and benzene‐cyclohexane measured under distillation conditions at total reflux over a pressure range 50 to 760 torr on both copper and polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces. The influences of the solid surfaces, the surface tension positive and negative nature of the liquids, together with the changes accompanying the azeotropic shift with pressure on the wettability, have been established and shown to conform with wetting t

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690180509

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe paper reports efforts to automate the synthesis of separation processes. Heuristic and algorithmic programming are used to select both the sequence and types of processes used for the conversion of complex mixtures into specified products. Improved schemes are evolved using learning techniques. An illustrative example is included.

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690180510

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSolutions are developed for mass transfer between a fluid undergoing solid body rotation and a coaxial disk which is located on a stationary infinite surface. The fluid mechanics corresponds to a laminar Bödewadt boundary layer. The overall mass transfer is dominated by the outer portion of the disk, a result of the high transfer rate associated with a leading edge. The concentration field near the axis of rotation extends to great axial distances as a long narrow plume. Approximate analytical solutions are given for each of these regions, and a numerical solution is provided for the entire concentration field

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690180511

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMass transfer to the base of an unbaffled cylindrical tank which is agitated by an axially‐mounted impeller is studied experimentally and theoretically. Measured local mass transfer coefficients vary with radial position and fall within theoretical bounds derived for the case of a fluid undergoing solid body rotation above the boundary layer on the base. Average mass transfer coefficients and torque delivered to the base are fitted by consistent theoretical expressions, and an empirical correlation is developed for calculating the average liquid phase mass transfer coefficien

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690180512

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY